আন্টার্টিকায় ওজন গহবর সৃষ্টি হয়েছে কেন??
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Antarctica keeps throwing up paradoxes when it comes to climate change. Fringing ice shelves crumble along the finger-like Antarctic Peninsula below South America while the sea ice around the continent grows thicker and more extensive. Nevertheless, climate scientists generally agreed that on the whole the continent was losing ice.
Until now. New research suggests Antarctica is putting on weight. NASA glaciologist Jay Zwally employed a different method to calculate the continent’s ice mass. In an October paper published in the Journal of Glaciology he and colleagues reported that the frozen continent added 82 billion tonnes of ice to its stores each year from 2003 and 2008.
“It’s one paper that flies in the face of all the other studies,” says Matt King, an earth scientist at the University of Tasmania. That includes his own paper in Science in 2012 where he reported that between 2002 to 2010, Antarctica lost ice at the rate of 69 billion tonnes per year.
The 2013 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment report arrived at double that figure: 147 billion tonnes per year lost from 2002 to 2011. Most recently, an April 2015 study in Earth and Planetary Science Letters split the difference with 92 billion tonnes lost from the continent annually from 2003 to 2014.
Zwally’s no stranger to Antarctic controversy. He was lead author on a 2002 paper that showed, for the first time, that Antarctic sea ice had steadily increased from 1979 to 1998, when most people thought it was shrinking.
At least we understand the reason for the discrepancy, he says. It comes down to different ways of calculating the shifty movement of the bedrock beneath Antarctica’s ice – the so-called glacial isostatic adjustment.
As ice sheets gain weight, the underlying rock squashes down – which means that the height of the ice sheet alone doesn’t reflect its growth.
Similarly, when ice melts, the rock rebounds disguising the level of ice loss.
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