ThemajorobjectivesofthenewnationweretoliftIndiaandIndiansoutofpovertyandalsoto
buildamoderntechnicalandindustrialbase.Aplanningcommissionwassetupin1950to
helpindesigningandexecutingsuitablepoliciesforeconomicdevelopment.Thecountry
wantedtohavedevelopmentwiththeconceptofmixedeconomy.Nowheremixedeconomy
meansaneconomywherethereisparticipationofbothpublic(government)andprivatesector
forthedevelopmentofthecountry.So,theneedofthehourwasthatbothstate(government)
andtheprivatesectorwouldplayimportantandcomplementaryrolesinincreasingproduction
andgeneratingjobs.Therolesmentionedherewerewhathastobeplannedbytheplanning
commission.
In1956,thesecondfiveyearplanwasformulated.AfiveyearplanisaplanmadebyIndiafor
thenextfiveyearstodecidewhattypeofdevelopmentitwantstoachieveforitself.Sowhen
thesecondfiveyearplanwasformulated,themainfocuswasonthedevelopmentofheavy
industriessuchassteelandonbuildinglargedams.Thesesectorswerekeptunderthe
controlofthegovernment.Thefocusonheavyindustry;andtheeffortofkeepingeconomy
underthestateregulationforthenextfewdecadeswassupportedbymany.Thoughthere
weresomeopponentstoo.Somepeoplefeltthatthesecondfiveyearplanhadnotputan
adequateemphasisonagriculture.Otherssaidthatprimaryeducationwasnotgivendue
importance.Somepeoplethoughtthatithadnottakenaccountoftheenvironmental
implicationsoftheeconomicpolicies.MahatmaGandhi’sfollowerMiraBehanwrotein1949
thatscienceandtechnologycanearnhugeincomeforatimebutlateronifwedon’ttryto
maintainnature’sbalance,thenwewillnotbeabletoliveahealthyandmorallydecentlife.
(i)In______theSecondFiveYearPlanwasformulated.
a.1950
b.1962
c.1956
d.1952
(ii)Whatdoyouunderstandbytheterm‘mixedeconomy’?
a)Internationalandnationalstate
b)Bothprivatesectorandstate
c)Purelygovernmentsector
d)Noneofthese
(iii)Apartfrombuildingdams,nametheimportantsectorthatwasfocusedstronglyonthe
SecondFiveYearPlan
a.Cementandfertilizercentre
b.Heavyindustrieslikesteel
c.Agriculture
d.Transport
(iv)InwhichyeardidJawaharLalNehruestablishthePlanningCommission?
a.1965
b.1950
c.1958
d.1960
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