ᴡʜᴀᴛ ɪꜱ ʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟɪꜱᴍ?…..
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Rationalism is the philosophical view that knowledge is acquired through reason, without the aid of the senses. Mathematical knowledge is the best example of this, since through rational thought alone we can plumb the depths of numerical relations, construct proofs, and deduce ever more complex mathematical concepts. We can even envision that someone locked in a room with no sensory experience whatsoever might still arrive at a sophisticated level of mathematical knowledge. Several ancient and medieval writers held to rationalism, most notably Plato and philosophers who followed in the Platonist tradition. In the mid seventeenth-century, though, rationalism was given a unique twist by philosophers who held that our most important mental concepts are innate, or inborn, and from these we deduce other truths with absolute certainty. Advocates of this position were largely from the continental European countries of France, the Netherlands, and Germany, hence this new breed of rationalism is often called “Continental Rationalism.” The main philosophers associated with this movement, which we will explore in this chapter, are René Descartes, Nicholas Malebranche, Baruch Spinoza, and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.
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ᴡʜᴀᴛ ɪꜱ ʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟɪꜱᴍ?
In philosophy, rationalism is the epistemological view that "regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge" or "any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification".