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Sealant Types
In construction, the seven most common types of sealants are:
Water based Latex
Popular for residential use because of the ease of application and ability to adhere to most substrates. These can be painted on and are suitable for situations where gaps / voids are very small and movement is minimal. Latex is can be prone to shrinkage and can pull away from the substrate creating gaps, allowing water to penetrate.
Acrylic
These are UV stable making them suitable for exterior applications, and are not prone to shrinkage. Acrylics can be difficult to apply and cannot accommodate significant movement.
Butyl
Adheres well to a broad variety of substrates but can be hard to apply due to their stringier consistency. They have poor resistance to abrasion and struggle to accommodate movements that introduce shearing forces. They are not suitable for demanding building applications.
Polysulfide
Excellent flexibility even at low temperatures with little shrinkage or UV degradation, and can be used for underwater applications. Polysulfides are more expensive than similar sealants and have a tendency to have higher levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Though, a life expectancy of 10 to 20 years does compensate for the price somewhat.
Silicone
Has excellent thermal resistance, good dynamic movement capability and good adhesion. They can be easily vandalised and tend to collect dirt. For certain substrates (such as stone), staining may also be an issue, in some cases making the use of primers a necessity.
As weather proofing and air sealing applications silicones can be used structurally e.g. for bonding glass or metal to frames. Silicones are generally the most expensive but quality silicones have very good durability performance.
Polyisobutylenes
Have similar properties to natural rubber but with improved durability, good resistance to chemical attack, and have very low permeability. These are commonly used as the primary seal for insulating glazing units (IGU) as they are capable of resisting the transmission of vapour and gases. The products are normally factory applied, rather than site applied.
Polyurethane
Adhere well to the majority of different surfaces with little substrate preparation, and are generally the go-to choice for contractors. They have excellent resilience to abrasion and shear forces as well as having strong adhesion and movement capability.
No singular sealant type is universally superior or inferior to another. Some are simply better at certain applications than others are due to their innate physical and chemical properties.
Sealant Properties
When making a choice on sealant, it is important to consider the properties that most impact the area of the build you will be using the sealant for. The following are the key properties of sealant for evaluation on your build.
Consistency
Pourable sealants have a fluid consistency and are generally used in horizontal joints, and can be self-levelling. Non-sag sealants are thicker and do not run, even on vertical joints.
Durability
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