0.1. What were the social, economic and political acqu
conditions of Russia before 1905 ?
or
What were the social causes of the Russian
Revolution ?
Answers
Answer:
The social causes of the Russian Revolution mainly came from centuries of oppression towards the lower classes by the Tsarist regime and Nicholas's failures in World War I.
Answer:
Prior to 1917, the working class of Russia lived in abject poverty under the Tsars who encouraged capitalists.
The wages were very low that the workers could not buy proper food or live in decent houses. The working hours were long and conditions of work unhygienic in most cases. There was no medical cover or medical facilities that the workers could afford. Many of them died of work-related diseases. This led the working class to unite and revolt against the Tsarist regime in 1917 and ultimately resulted in the birth of communism.
Main causes of Russian Revolution were:
Autocratic rule of Tsars: In 1914, the Russian emperor was Tsar Nicholas II. He fought a number of wars to expand his empire in the north and west in Europe. He had borne the expenditure of war by taxing the common people of Russia.
Conditions of peasants: Majority of the Russians were agriculturalists. Major part of the land was owned by nobles and clergy and these peasants worked as farmers on daily wages. They were paid less and worked more and sometimes under debt, they were not even paid wages.
Status of industries: Industry was found in pockets. Prominent industrial areas were St. Petersburg and Moscow. Craftsmen undertook much of the production, but large factories existed alongside crafts workshops. Foreign investment in industries increased with the extension of Russia’s railway network.
Conditions of workers in the industries: Most industries were owned by private
industrialists. Though the government supervised factories’ working hours and wages of the workers, but still rules were broken. Women workers were also paid less than men. Some workers formed associations to help members in times of unemployment and financial hardships. ,
Formation of socialist parties: All political parties were illegal in Russia before 1914. The Russian Social Democratic Workers Party was founded in 1898 by socialists, who respected Marxist ideas. But because of government policies, it had to operate secretly as an illegal organisation. It set up a newspaper, mobilised workers and organised strikes.
Explanation: