0.3 write an article on the topic "Air pollution in about 150 words
0.4. Write and learn the words written in British and American English,
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Answer:
Air pollution is the mixing of any harmful substances to the atmosphere fresh air causing huge level of damages, human health disorders, reducing the quality of life, etc. ... The polluted air we breathe every moment causing lungs disorders and even lung cancer thus affecting the health of other body organs.
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British vs American English
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Here are some of the main differences.
Spelling
One of the biggest differences comes with words ending in ‘-ise’. American English changes pretty much all of these to ‘-ize’ – ‘organize’, ‘recognize’, and so on. They do the same thing with ‘-yse’ (‘analyze’, ‘paralyze’).
Most words ending in ‘-our’ in British English end in ‘-or’ in American English (color, flavor, honor, neighbor, rumor, labor, humor). Except for ‘contour’, ‘velour’, ‘paramour’ and ‘troubadour’ which are spelt the same everywhere. We don’t know why. Although Neil might. (In the olden days we used to put ‘u’s in fairly unusual places in British English like ‘ambassadour’, ‘governour’, ‘inferiour’, ‘errour’, ‘horrour’ and ‘mirrour’. True.)
Americans also sometimes like to swap around ‘r’s and ‘e’s. So ‘centre’ becomes ‘center’. Same goes for ‘kilometer’, ‘theater’, ‘caliber’, ‘fiber’, ‘saber’ and ‘somber’.
We also disagree on words ending in ‘-ce’. Although we both use ‘advice’ as a noun and ‘advise’ as a verb, American English has abandoned the ‘licence’/‘license’ and ‘practice’/‘practise’ distinction (we’re hanging on to it) and uses ‘practice’ and ‘license’ for both meanings (see Tricky words). American English uses ‘defense’ and ‘offense’, while we write ‘defence’ and ‘offence’. ‘Defensive’ and ‘offensive’ always have an ‘s’.
And words written with ‘ae’/‘oe’ in British English have a single ‘e’ in American English, like ‘amoeba’, ‘anaemia’, ‘anaesthesia’, ‘foetal’, ‘haemophilia’, ‘oesophagus’, ‘orthopaedic’ and ‘paediatric’. All lovely words, we’re sure you’ll agree.
Punctuation
Americans are happy with Oxford commas (that’s when you put a comma before the ‘and’ in a list – see Commas).
They also prefer double quotation marks (see Quote marks).
And finally, Americans tend to treat brands, for example Apple, and collective nouns like ‘team’ or ‘staff’ as single units. So they use them with the singular verb (unless you’re definitely talking about individuals). So in America you’re more likely to hear ‘Apple changed its logo’ than ‘Apple changed their logo’. For Brits, it’s the opposite.
This obviously doesn’t cover everything – Wikipedia has a humungous article on it here.
Here comes the science: British English spellings mainly follow Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language (1755), while our transatlantic cousins favour (or favor) Noah Webster’s An American Dictionary of the English Language (1828). Most Commonwealth countries are happy with the Brit way of doing things – Canadians sit on the fence and take some American ones and some English ones.
The Oxford English Dictionary spells everything ‘-ize’, sometimes listing ‘-ise’ as an alternative. This is because most of these words have a Greek root (‘-izo’ – it doesn’t apply to ‘-yse’ as they come from somewhere else which doesn’t have a ‘z’ in it) and it’s also how they used to be spelt in days of yore. It’s called, imaginatively, ‘Oxford spelling’. They may well be right but we’re not taking any notice of them.
q-3 Earlier the air we breathe in use to be pure and fresh. But, due to increasing industrialization and concentration of poisonous gases in the environment the air is getting more and more toxic day by day. Also, these gases are the cause of many respiratory and other diseases. Moreover, the rapidly increasing human activities like the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation is the major cause of air pollution.
How Air Gets Polluted?
The fossil fuel, firewood, and other things that we burn produce oxides of carbons which got released into the atmosphere. Earlier there happens to be a large number of trees which can easily filter the air we breathe in. But with the increase in demand for land, the people started cutting down of trees which caused deforestation. That ultimately reduced the filtering capacity of the tree.
Moreover, during the last few decades, the numbers of fossil fuel burning vehicle increased rapidly which increased the number of pollutants in the air.
q-4 American English Words and their British English Counterparts
British English American English
23. dustbin garbage can
24. petrol gas, gasoline
25. bonnet hood (of a car)
26. skipping rope jump rope