Question

1. A galvanic cell is set up as follows:
Zn | Zn2+ (0.01 mol/L)||Zn2+(1.0 mol/L)| Zn. Write the equations for the half
reactions and calculate the theoretical voltage produced by this cell.

Answer 1

Answer:

ʟɪsᴛ ᴛʜᴇ sᴛᴀɴᴅᴀʀᴅ ᴇʟᴇᴄᴛʀᴏᴅᴇ ᴘᴏᴛᴇɴᴛɪᴀʟs ɪɴ ɪɴᴄʀᴇᴀsɪɴɢ ᴏʀᴅᴇʀ:

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

ᴇ

∘

(

ᴠ

)

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

←−−−−−−−−−−−−−−

ᴢ

ɴ

+

(

ᴀ

ǫ

)

+

ᴇ

⇌

ᴢ

ɴ

(

s

)

×

×

×

×

x

−

.

ᴄ

ᴜ

+

(

ᴀ

ǫ

)

+

ᴇ

⇌

ᴄ

ᴜ

(

s

)

×

×

×

×

x

+

.

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−→

ᴛʜᴇ / ᴄᴇʟʟ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴏsᴛ +ᴠᴇ

ᴇ

∘

ᴠᴀʟᴜᴇ ᴡɪʟʟ ᴛᴀᴋᴇ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇʟᴇᴄᴛʀᴏɴs.

sᴏ ᴡᴇ ᴄᴀɴ sᴇᴇ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏᴘᴘᴇʀ / ᴄᴇʟʟ ᴡɪʟʟ ʙᴇ ᴅʀɪᴠᴇɴ ʟᴇғᴛ ᴛᴏ ʀɪɢʜᴛ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴢɪɴᴄ / ᴄᴇʟʟ ʀɪɢʜᴛ ᴛᴏ ʟᴇғᴛ ᴀs ɪɴᴅɪᴄᴀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀʀʀᴏᴡs.

sᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛᴡᴏ / ᴇǫᴜᴀᴛɪᴏɴs ᴀʀᴇ:

ᴢ

ɴ

(

ᴀ

ǫ

)

→

ᴢ

ɴ

+

(

ᴀ

ǫ

)

+

ᴇ

ᴄ

ᴜ

+

(

ᴀ

ǫ

)

+

ᴇ

→

ᴄ

ᴜ

(

s

)

ᴀᴅᴅɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇsᴇ ɢɪᴠᴇs ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴇʟʟ ʀᴇᴀᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ᴡʜᴇɴ ɪᴛ ɪs ᴡᴏʀᴋɪɴɢ:

ᴢ

ɴ

(

s

)

+

ᴄ

ᴜ

+

(

ᴀ

ǫ

)

→

ᴢ

ɴ

+

(

ᴀ

ǫ

)

+

ᴄ

ᴜ

(

s

)

ᴡʜᴇɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴢɪɴᴄ ᴀᴛᴏᴍs ʟᴏsᴇ ᴇʟᴇᴄᴛʀᴏɴs ᴛʜᴇ ᴢɪɴᴄ ɪᴏɴs ɢᴏ ɪɴᴛᴏ sᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇʟᴇᴄᴛʀᴏɴs ғʟᴏᴡ ᴀᴡᴀʏ ғʀᴏᴍ ᴛʜɪs ᴇʟᴇᴄᴛʀᴏᴅᴇ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇxᴛᴇʀɴᴀʟ ᴄɪʀᴄᴜɪᴛ.

ᴡʜᴇɴ ᴛʜᴇʏ ᴀʀʀɪᴠᴇ ᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏᴘᴘᴇʀ ᴇʟᴇᴄᴛʀᴏᴅᴇ, ᴛʜᴇʏ ᴀʀᴇ ᴘɪᴄᴋᴇᴅ ᴜᴘ ʙʏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏᴘᴘᴇʀ(ɪɪ) ɪᴏɴs ᴛᴏ ʙᴇᴄᴏᴍᴇ ᴄᴏᴘᴘᴇʀ ᴀᴛᴏᴍs.

ᴛʜᴇ ᴛᴡᴏ / ᴄᴇʟʟs ᴀʀᴇ ᴄᴏɴɴᴇᴄᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴀ sᴀʟᴛ ʙʀɪᴅɢᴇ ᴏʀ ᴀ ᴍᴇᴍʙʀᴀɴᴇ. ᴛʜᴇ sᴀʟᴛ ʙʀɪᴅɢᴇ ᴄᴏɴsɪsᴛs ᴏғ sᴏᴍᴇ ғɪʟᴛᴇʀ ᴘᴀᴘᴇʀ sᴏᴀᴋᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴀ sᴜɪᴛᴀʙʟᴇ ᴇʟᴇᴄᴛʀᴏʟʏᴛᴇ sᴜᴄʜ ᴀs sᴀᴛᴜʀᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴘᴏᴛᴀssɪᴜᴍ ɴɪᴛʀᴀᴛᴇ sᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴ.

ᴛʜᴇ ғᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ sᴀʟᴛ ʙʀɪᴅɢᴇ ɪs ᴛᴏ ᴍᴀɪɴᴛᴀɪɴ ᴇʟᴇᴄᴛʀɪᴄᴀʟ ɴᴇᴜᴛʀᴀʟɪᴛʏ ɪɴ ᴇᴀᴄʜ ʜᴀʟғ ᴄᴇʟʟ.

ᴀs ᴢɪɴᴄ ɪᴏɴs ɢᴏ ɪɴᴛᴏ sᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴ

ɴ

ᴏ

−

ɪᴏɴs ғʟᴏᴏᴅ ɪɴ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ʜᴀʟғ ᴄᴇʟʟ.

ᴀs ᴄᴏᴘᴘᴇʀ(ɪɪ) ɪᴏɴs ʟᴇᴀᴠᴇ ᴛʜᴇ sᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴏᴛʜᴇʀ / ᴄᴇʟʟ,

ᴋ

+

ɪᴏɴs ғʟᴏᴏᴅ ɪɴ.

ᴛᴏ ғɪɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇᴍғ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴇʟʟ, sᴜʙᴛʀᴀᴄᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴇᴀsᴛ +ᴠᴇ

ᴇ

∘

ᴠᴀʟᴜᴇ ғʀᴏᴍ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴏsᴛ +ᴠᴇ:

ᴇ

∘

ᴄ

ᴇ

ʟ

ʟ

=

+

.

−

(

−

.

)

=

+

.

ᴠ

ᴛʜɪs ᴀʀʀᴀɴɢᴇᴍᴇɴᴛ ɪs ᴋɴᴏᴡɴ ᴀs "ᴛʜᴇ ᴅᴀɴɪᴇʟ ᴄᴇʟʟ"

Explanation:

ᴘʟᴇᴀsᴇ ᴍᴀʀᴋ ᴀs ʙʀᴀɪɴʟɪᴇsᴛ