1. A large variety of materials go into the making of a launch vehicle- both metallic and non-metallic, which include composites and ceramics. In metals, different types of stainless steel, alloys of aluminum, magnesium, titanium, copper, beryllium, tungsten and molybdenum are used.
2. Composite material are composed of a mixture or combination of two or more constituents which differ in form and material composition and which are essentially insoluble in one another. The materials which combine may be metallic, organic or inorganic. While other material combinations possible are virtually unlimited, the most typical composites in launch vehicles are made of structural constituents, embedded in a matrix. We used a large variety of glass fiber reinforced plastic composites and opened avenues for the entry of Kevlar, polyamides and carbon-carbon composites. Ceramics are special types of baked clay used for microwave transparent enclosures. We considered using ceramics, but had to reject the idea then due to technological limitations.
3. Through mechanical engineering, these materials are transformed into hardware. In fact, of all the engineering disciplines which feed directly into the development of rocketry, mechanical engineering is perhaps the most intrinsic one. Be it a sophisticated system like a liquid engine or a piece of hardware as simple as a fastener, its ultimate fabrication calls for expert mechanical engineers and precision machine tools. We decided to develop important technologies like welding techniques for low-alloy stainless steel, electroforming techniques, and ultra-precision process tooling. We also decided to make some important machines in house, like the 254-litre vertical mixer and the groove machining facility for our third and fourth stages. Many of our subsystems were so massive and complex that they implied sizeable financial outlays.
4. Without any hesitation, we approached industries in the private sector and developed contract management plans which later became blueprints for many government-run science and technology business organizations.
- Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Choose the correct options out of the choice given– (1x5=5)
Q1. The meaning of the word 'Insoluble' in the given context is : (Para-2)
(i) a problem which is impossible to solve
(ii) a substance which does not dissolve in a liquid
(iii) a substance which doesn’t suspend into another
(iv) a great occasion or event
__________________________________________________________________________
Q2. The meaning of the word 'embedded' used in Para-2 is :
(I) to rotate something (ii) to push something
(iii) to pluck out something (iv) to fix something firmly
___________________________________________________________________________
Q3. The word which means the same as - 'extremely important or
valuable' (Para-3) is :
(i) implied (ii) precision
(iii) intrinsic (iv) vital
___________________________________________________________________________
Q4. Find the word which means "An early plan or design that explains how something might be achieved" (in Para – 4).
(i) organization (ii) contract
(iii) blueprints (iv) plans
___________________________________________________________________________
Q5. What is your understanding of the word ‘matrix’ from the given context in Para 2?
(i) something that constitutes the place or point from which something else originates or forms
(ii) a collection of numbers arranged into fixed rows and columns that acts as the place of summation
(iii) a space to transform metals into hardware by breaking down their structural constituents
(iv) a cultural, social, or political environment in which something develops
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i don't understand sorry but I know that you are very bad
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