Question

1. (a) What are hydrocarbons? Give examples.
(b) Give the structural differences between
saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons
with two examples cach.
(c) What is a functional group? Give
examples of four different functional
groups​

Answer 1

1. (a) Hydrocarbons are the organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen only, e.g., alkane, alkene and alkynes.

(b) Saturated Compounds:- A saturated substance is one in which the atoms are linked by single bonds. A fully saturated compound contains no double or triple bonds. Alkanes are saturated compounds. Ex:- CH₃-CH₃.

Unsaturated Compounds:- If a molecule contains double or triple bonds, it is considered to be unsaturated. Alkenes and alkynes are unsaturated compounds. Ex:- CH₂= CH₂.

(c) A functional group may be defined as as atom or a group of atoms present in a molecule which largely determines its chemical properties.

Answer 2

a) Hydrocarbons are organic compounds comprising two carbon elements and one hydrogen element.

Eg: Methane

Ethane

Propane

Butane

....etc...

b). Saturated hydrocarbons are molecules with only single bonds.

Each single bond in a saturated hydrocarbon include covalent bonds..

Eg: methane and hexane.....

Unsaturated hydrocarbons have double or triple covalent bonds between the adjacent carbon atoms.

Eg: ethane, benzene and acetic acid..

c) Functional groups are specific substituents or moieties within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules...

The four different functional groups are : hydroxyl

Methyl

Carbonyl

Amino

Phosphate

Sulphhydryl

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