Question

1. Analgesics are characterized by A. have analgesic and antipyretic effects B. have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects C. have analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects D. have strong analgesic effect, no addiction E. have a strong analgesic effect, repeated use is easy to addiction​

Answer 1

Answer:

1) Prostaglandins in the generation of hyperalgesia

The antinociceptive (analgesic) action of antipyretic analgesics is due to inhibition of the production of prostaglandins at the site of inflammation and in the CNS. It has been believed for many years that inhibition at the site of an inflammation was the main mechanism. Prostaglandins sensitize certain primary afferent nerve fibres, so-called silent nociceptors, thereby causing primary hyperalgesia. Established molecular targets of prostaglandins in this process include, e.g., tetrodotoxin-resistant Na+ channels.

Recently, it became apparent that prostaglandins produced in the spinal cord dorsal horn in response to peripheral inflammation contribute to the generation of so-called secondary hyperalgesia and allodynia. The underlying molecular mechanisms include a direct activation of deep dorsal horn neurons (Baba et al 2001) and a reduction in inhibitory glycinergic neurotransmission in the superficial layers of the dorsal horn (Ahmadi et al 2002).