1.
Answer the following questions :
(1) Write about the United Nations and its aims.
(2) Explain the meaning of the Policy of Non-Alignment.
(3) Write in brief about the consequences of 'Cold War'.
(4) Explain in brief the disintegration and unification of Germany.
(5) Discuss in brief the relation between India and Russia.
(6) Write Short Notes : 'Military Blocs', 'NATO', SEATO', WARSAW PACT”.
Answer following questions in brief :
Answers
Answer:
1) United Nations is an international organization which was formed at the end of the Second World War in 1945. Its main aims and objectives are: To maintain international peace and security. To work diligently for establishing peaceful relations among countries and for achieving the aims of UNO.
2) Non-alignment simply denotes a foreign policy which opposes cold war, alliances and aggressive power politics and which stands for independence in foreign relations based on such principles as peace, friendship and cooperation with all.
3) After World War II, the consequences of the Soviet Union's victory over the Nazis were rejected, and a global containment of communism was elevated into a doctrine by President Truman. By the Cold War, we spurred the Soviet Union from exhaustion to great-power status, the atomic bomb, and space achievement.
4) In 1867, Bismarck became the Chancellor of the North confederation.Bismarck's objective was to unify Germany and was accomplished by three wars with Austria, Denmark and France which were fought in a brief period of seven years.These wars were ended with the victory of Prussia which helped in completing the process of .
5) Indo-Russian relations are the bilateral relations between India and Russia. During the Cold War, India and the Soviet Union (USSR) had a strong strategic, military, economic and diplomatic relationship.Russia and India both term this relationship as a "special and privileged strategic partnership".
6) The Warsaw Pact was the military complement to the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CoMEcon), the regional economic organization for the socialist states of Central and Eastern Europe. Both NATO and the Warsaw Pact led to the expansion of military forces and their integration into the respective blocs.
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Answer:
1)Aims of the United Nations:
(1) To maintain international peace and security.
(2) To develop friendly relations among nations on the basis of equality and the principle of self-determination.
(3) To foster worldwide cooperation in solving economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems.
(4) To promote human rights and fundamental freedom for the people of the world.
(5) To serve as a centre where various nations can coordinate their activities towards the attainment of the objectives of the United Nations.
(6) To save succeeding generations from the scourge of war.
2) Non-alignment simply denotes a foreign policy which opposes cold war, alliances and aggressive power politics and which stands for independence in foreign relations based on such principles as peace, friendship and cooperation with all.
3) In these origins lie many of the consequences of the Cold War, which are often inseparable from its causes: the arms race, the secrecy, the bellicosity, the organizing into belligerent camps, the good-evil dichotomies. (Words in bold denote specific consequences of the Cold War.)
4) Unification of Germany: The newly emerged middle class in Germany in 1848 tried to unite several German kingdoms which were suppressed by monarchies and large landowners into one nation state governed by an elected body.
5) Indo-Russian relations are the bilateral relations between India and Russia. During the Cold War, India and the Soviet Union (USSR) had a strong strategic, military, economic and diplomatic relationship. ... Russia and India both term this relationship as a "special and privileged strategic partnership".
6) Military blocs were established in antiquity, but their significance grew particularly after the birth of capitalism. The best-known military blocs in history were the military alliance of France, Denmark, Sweden, Holland and the Italian states against Spain in the Thirty Years’ War (1618-48) and the Northern Alliance (Russia, Denmark, Poland, Saxony, and later France and Prussia) against Sweden in the Northern War (1700-21). Also well-known are the coalitions of various European states against France (late 18th to the early 19th century) and the military alliance of Great Britain, France, Turkey, and Sardinia against Russia in the Crimean War (1853-56)
(ii) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 North American and European countries. The organization implements the North Atlantic Treaty that was signed on 4 April 1949. NATO constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its independent member states agree to mutual defence in response to an attack by any external party. NATO's Headquarters are located in Evere, Brussels, Belgium, while the headquarters of Allied Command Operations is near Mons, Belgium..
(iii) The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) was an international organization for collective defense in Southeast Asia created by the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty, or Manila Pact, signed in September 1954. Primarily created to block further communist gains in Southeast Asia, SEATO is generally considered a failure because internal conflict and dispute hindered general use of the SEATO military; however, SEATO-funded cultural and educational programs left longstanding effects in Southeast Asia. SEATO was dissolved on 30 June 1977 after many members lost interest and withdrew.
(iv) The Warsaw Treaty Organization (WTO), officially the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, commonly known as the Warsaw Pact (WP), was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist republics of Central and Eastern Europe in May 1955, during the Cold War. The Warsaw Pact was the military complement to the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CoMEcon), the regional economic organization for the socialist states of Central and Eastern Europe. The Warsaw Pact was created in reaction to the integration of West Germany into NATO in 1955 per the London and Paris Conferences of 1954, but it is also considered to have been motivated by Soviet desires to maintain control over military forces in Central and Eastern Europe.
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