(1) _____ are exposed to subhuman conditions of work and face serious health hazards
(2) ______ Law prohibits the employment of manual scavengers as well as the construction of dry latrines
(3) ______ filed a PIL in the Supreme court
(4) ______ an Activist, has pointed out that one of the violators of constitutional rights guaranteed to tribal people are governments in the various states of India
(5) _____ recognises the right to homestead, cultivable and grazing land and to non-timber forest produce
Answers
Manual scavenging is a term used mainly in India for "manually cleaning, carrying, disposing of, or otherwise handling, human excreta in an insanitary latrine or in an open drain or pit".[1] Manual scavengers usually use hand tools such as buckets, brooms and shovels. The work is being regarded as a caste-based, dehumanizing practice. The workers have to move the excreta, using brooms and tin plates, into baskets, which they carry to disposal locations sometimes several kilometers away.[2] These sanitation workers, called "manual scavengers", rarely have any personal protective equipment.
The employment of manual scavengers to empty a certain type of dry toilet that requires manual daily emptying was prohibited in India in 1993. The law was extended and clarified to include insanitary latrines, ditches and pits in 2013.[3]
In 2014, manual scavenging was most prevalent in the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan.[3]
The occupation of sanitation work is intrinsically integrated with caste in India: It is mainly the Dalits in India who work as sanitation workers - as manual scavengers, cleaners of drains, as garbage collectors and sweepers of roads.[4]:4 It was estimated in 2019 that between 40 to 60 per cent of the 6 million households of Dalit sub-castes are engaged in sanitation work.[4]:5 The most common Dalit caste performing sanitation work is the Valmiki (also Balmiki) caste.[4]:3
Explanation:
Manual scavengers ,Act, 1993 punishes the employment of scavengers or the construction of dry (non-flush) latrines ,adivasi,Non-timber forest products (NTFPs).
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