1 At which places of India, were the Mathas established by Adi Shankaracharya ?
2 Write the name of some female bhakti saints of Medieval India ( North and South) and write one or two facts about each.
3 Mention some Bhakti Saints of North India and their contributions in spreading the ideas of bhakti.
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Answer1) Shankaracharya was an early 8th century Indian philosopher and theologian who consolidated the doctrine of Advaita Vedanta. He established four major mathas in different regions of India - Badrinath, Dwarka, Puri, Sringeri. He established them to propagate the philosophy of advaita vedanta and to promulgate the concept of Sanatana dharma.
Answer 2 in pic
Answer 3) Saint Ramanuja:
The earliest exponent of the Bhakti movement was Ramanuja, who was born at Sri Perumbudur in Southern India in the year 1017 A.D. He received his education at Canjeevaram and Shrirangam. On account of his scholarship he was appointed as the successor of his teacher Yamunamuni, the well- known Vaishnava saint. Thus Ramanuja acquired a position of authority.
Ramanuja gave a philosophic basis to the teachings of Vaishnavism. He wrote a commentary on the Brahma sutras, refuted Shari Kara and offered his own interpretation based on the theistic ideas. His commentaries on Brahma sutras are popularly known as Sri Bhasya.
Saint Nimbarka:
Nimbarka was a younger contemporary of Ramanuja, who also rendered great service to the spread of Bhakti movement. He wrote Vedanta-Parijatasourabha, a commentary on the Brahma Sutra, in simple language. Nimbarka also wrote Dasa Sloki, which deals with three realities (tri-tattava) —Brahma (Krishna), soul (Chit) and matter (Achit).
Nimbarka declared that the individual soul is a part of Brahma, both in the state of ignorance and in that of knowledge or emancipation Nimbarka attached great importance to attainment of knowledge and devotion.
Though Nimbarka belonged to the South, he spent most of his life at Braja near Mathura in the north. To him Gopala Krishna, along with Radha and Gopies, is God. He propounded the Radha Krishna cult, one of the most popular and influential cults of India. The doctrine propounded by Nimbarka has much to commend itself from the point of view of philosophy, religion and ethics.
Saint Madhva:
Madhva was another devotee of Vishnu from the South. He took to monastic life when he was 25 years old. He wrote four bhasyas on Brahma Sutra; on the opening passages of the Rig-Veda; on the ten philosophical Upanishads; and on the Bhagavad-Gita. He also wrote expositions of Mahabharata and Bhagavata. It is said that Madhva in all wrote thistly-seven works
In these works he revealed his scholarly ability and logical penetration. Madhava did not believe in the qualified monism of Ramanuja and emphasised the doctrine of duality, based mainly upon the Bhagavata Purana. He held that the greatest obstacle in the path of salvation was the belief in the identity of Brahma and Jiva.
Answer 2 in pic
Answer 3) Saint Ramanuja:
The earliest exponent of the Bhakti movement was Ramanuja, who was born at Sri Perumbudur in Southern India in the year 1017 A.D. He received his education at Canjeevaram and Shrirangam. On account of his scholarship he was appointed as the successor of his teacher Yamunamuni, the well- known Vaishnava saint. Thus Ramanuja acquired a position of authority.
Ramanuja gave a philosophic basis to the teachings of Vaishnavism. He wrote a commentary on the Brahma sutras, refuted Shari Kara and offered his own interpretation based on the theistic ideas. His commentaries on Brahma sutras are popularly known as Sri Bhasya.
Saint Nimbarka:
Nimbarka was a younger contemporary of Ramanuja, who also rendered great service to the spread of Bhakti movement. He wrote Vedanta-Parijatasourabha, a commentary on the Brahma Sutra, in simple language. Nimbarka also wrote Dasa Sloki, which deals with three realities (tri-tattava) —Brahma (Krishna), soul (Chit) and matter (Achit).
Nimbarka declared that the individual soul is a part of Brahma, both in the state of ignorance and in that of knowledge or emancipation Nimbarka attached great importance to attainment of knowledge and devotion.
Though Nimbarka belonged to the South, he spent most of his life at Braja near Mathura in the north. To him Gopala Krishna, along with Radha and Gopies, is God. He propounded the Radha Krishna cult, one of the most popular and influential cults of India. The doctrine propounded by Nimbarka has much to commend itself from the point of view of philosophy, religion and ethics.
Saint Madhva:
Madhva was another devotee of Vishnu from the South. He took to monastic life when he was 25 years old. He wrote four bhasyas on Brahma Sutra; on the opening passages of the Rig-Veda; on the ten philosophical Upanishads; and on the Bhagavad-Gita. He also wrote expositions of Mahabharata and Bhagavata. It is said that Madhva in all wrote thistly-seven works
In these works he revealed his scholarly ability and logical penetration. Madhava did not believe in the qualified monism of Ramanuja and emphasised the doctrine of duality, based mainly upon the Bhagavata Purana. He held that the greatest obstacle in the path of salvation was the belief in the identity of Brahma and Jiva.
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