Question

1-Briefly explain napoleanic code of 1804
2-Define political liberalism.
3- What significant changes were brought in Europe after defeat of Napolean
3-When, why, by whom the Congress of Vienna was established
4-Explain the mixed reaction of the people conquered by Napoleon
5-"When Frence sneezes the whole Europe catches cold". Who made this statement in which context

Answer 1

Political Liberalism is a 1993 book by John Rawls,[1] an update to his earlier A Theory of Justice (1971). In it, he attempts to show that his theory of justice is not a "comprehensive conception of the good" but is instead compatible with a liberal conception of the role of justice, namely, that government should be neutral between competing conceptions of the good. Rawls tries to show that his two principles of justice, properly understood, form a "theory of the right" (as opposed to a theory of the good) which would be supported by all reasonable individuals, even under conditions of reasonable pluralism. The mechanism by which he demonstrates this is called "overlapping consensus". Here he also develops his idea of public reason.

Political Liberalism

Cover of the first edition

AuthorJohn RawlsCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishSubjectPolitical philosophyPublisherColumbia University Press

Publication date

1993, 2005Media typePrintPages435, 576ISBN0231130899OCLC56419326

Dewey Decimal

320.51 22LC ClassJC578 .R37 2005

An expanded edition of the book was published in 2005. It includes an added introduction, the essay "The Idea of Public Reason Revisited" (1997) — some 60 pp. — and an index to the new material.


The Bourbon Restoration was the period of French history following the first fall of Napoleon in 1814, and his final defeat in the Hundred Days in 1815, until the July Revolution of 1830. The brothers of the executed Louis XVI came to power, and reigned in highly conservative fashion; exiled supporters of the monarchy returned to France. They were nonetheless unable to reverse most of the changes made by the French Revolution and Napoleon. At the Congress of Vienna they were treated respectfully, but had to give up nearly all the territorial gains made since 1789.

Kingdom of France


Royaume de France

1814–1815
1815–1830



Flag



Coat of arms

Motto: Montjoie Saint Denis!
"Montjoy Saint Denis!"

Anthem: Le Retour des Princes français à Paris
"The Return of the French Princes to Paris"



Kingdom of France in 1816

CapitalParisCommon languagesFrenchReligion

Roman CatholicismGovernmentConstitutional monarchyKing 

• 1814–1824

Louis XVIII

• 1824–1830

Charles XPrime Minister 

• 1815

Charles de Bénévent(first)

• 1829–1830

Jules de Polignac(last)LegislatureParliament

• Upper house

Chamber of Peers

• Lower house

Chamber of DeputiesHistory 

• Restoration

6 April 1814

• Treaty of Paris

30 May 1814

• Constitution adopted

4 June 1814

• Hundred Days

20 Mar – 7 Jul 1815

• Invasion of Spain

6 April 1823

• July Revolution

26 July 1830Area1815560,000 km2(220,000 sq mi)CurrencyFrench francISO 3166 codeFR

Preceded bySucceeded byFirst French EmpireJuly Monarchy