1. Choose the correct answer
1) Tholkappiam was attributed to Tholkapplyar
2) Tholkappivam is the earliest work on Tamil grammar
o3) The first two parts of the book define the grammar of the Tamil Language
1) Pathupattu and ttutthogai are called pathinenkilkanakku texts
1.1.3.4
2. Who wrote the book Natural History
A Straboz
Pliny
C.Arrian
D. Megasthe
The Country where a rare stone was found at lookpat Under the name Perumpathan
Malava
18. Rome
C.Thailand
D. Greek
Answers
Answer:
Tolkāppiyam (Tamil: தொல்காப்பியம், lit. "ancient poem"[1]) is the most ancient extant Tamil grammar text and the oldest extant long work of Tamil literature.[2][3] The surviving manuscripts of the Tolkappiyam consists of three books (atikaram), each with nine chapters (iyal), with a cumulative total of 1,612 sutras in the nūṛpā meter.[4][note 1] It is a comprehensive text on grammar, and includes sutras on orthography, phonology, etymology, morphology, semantics, prosody, sentence structure and the significance of context in language.[4]
The Tolkappiyam is difficult to date. Some in the Tamil tradition place the text in the mythical second sangam, variously in 1st millennium BCE or earlier.[6] Scholars place the text much later and believe the text evolved and expanded over a period of time. According to some, the earliest layer of the Tolkappiyam was likely composed between the 2nd and 1st century BCE,[7] and the extant manuscript versions fixed by about the 5th century CE.[8] The Tolkappiyam Ur-text likely relied on some unknown even older literature.[9]
Iravatham Mahadevan dates the Tolkappiyam to no earlier than the 2nd century CE, as it mentions the puḷḷi being an integral part of Tamil script. The puḷḷi (a diacritical mark to distinguish pure consonants from consonants with inherent vowels) only became prevalent in Tamil epigraphs after the 2nd century CE.[10] According to linguist Prof. S. Agesthialingam, Tolkappiyam contains many later interpolations, and the language shows many deviations consistent with late old Tamil (similar to Cilappatikaram), rather than the early old Tamil poems of Eṭṭuttokai and Pattuppāṭṭu
Explanation: