1. Collect information about any 5 Indian villages and find out the main economic activities and non-farm activities practiced in each village.
2. Take any 5 occupations and make list of their activities based on fixed capital & working capital.
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Answers
Answer:
Rampur lies in the fertile alluvial plains of the Gengetic basin in the Western part of U.P. Farming is the main production activity in Rampur. Majority of the working people are dependent on farming for their livelihood.
There is no land is left idle in Rampur. During the Kharif season farmers grow Jowar and Bajra. It is followed by cultivation of potato between October and December. In the Rabi season fields are sown with Wheat.
Farmers in Rampur are able to grow three different crops in a year due to the well – developed irrigation system. Electricity transformed the system of irrigation in Rampur. They used Persian wheels to draw water from the wells.
Most of irrigation in India is based on tapping underground water. As a result, underground water tables have fallen rapidly across the country.
There are four requirements for the production of goods and services. They are land, labor, Capital and organization.
Farming requires a great deal of hard work. Small farmers along with their family members mostly cultivate their own fields. Small farmers keep substantial share of production for their own family needs.
Only 25% of the people working in Rampur are engaged in activities other than agriculture such as dairy farming, small scale manufacturing, shop-keeping and transport. MNREGA has provided some support to the incomes of rural workers.
Key Points:
Factors of Production: Land, Labor, Capital and Organization are called factors of production.
Land: An area of ground, especially when used for a particular purpose such as farming or building. It is an essential factor for production.
Labour: People who will do the work. Those who do not have a right over the crops grown on the land but are paid wages are farm laborers.
Working Capital: Capital requirement for raw material and money for other expenditure.
Fixed Capital: Capital required for the purchase of machines and Constructing buildings for production.
Surplus: An excess of production.
Farm Activities: The work done in agriculture to produce Agricultural Production. Agricultural activities such as farming, irrigating, ploughing and harvesting.
Non-Farm activities: Other than the agricultural activities like dairy, small-scale manufacturing, shop keeping etc.
Essay Answer Questions
1. Land is also required for production of goods in an urban area. In what ways is the use of land different from a rural area?
Land is the first requirement for any production. It is required for production of goods in an urban area on industries. This is entirely different from the use of land on a rural area.
Land is the most crucial factor necessary for farm production unfortunately, not all the people engaged in agriculture have sufficient land for cultivation. The upper caste families own majority of the land in the village. Most of the landless are Dalits.
Raising agricultural production has mounted a great deal of pressure on land and other natural resources. There is urgent need to review the methods of production and ensure sustainable use of the resources.
In urban areas, land is used for constructions, laying roads, bus terminals, hospitals, educational institutions, parks, theatres etc. Thus, the use of land different from a rural area.
In the rural area, the land is required for the farming and non-farming activities. Many families of farmers have only small plots of land. They make use of those lands for producing crops.
2. Water is a natural resource for production, particularly for agricultural production, now requires greater capital for its use. Can you explain the statement?
Farmers can grow multiple crops in a year only if the irrigation system is well-developed. Electricity transformed the system of irrigation a great deal. The Electricity-run tube wells could irrigate much larger areas of land easily.
Not all villages in India have well developed irrigation systems. Apart from riverside plains; coastal regions in our country are well irrigated.
In contrast, plateau regions such as the Deccan plateau have low levels of irrigation. Even today, a little less than 40 percent of the total cultivated area in the country is irrigated. In the remaining areas, farming is largely dependent on rainfall.
Though intensive use of natural resource such as water has led to increased production and yields, its use has not always been judicious.
Most of the irrigation is India is based on tapping underground water. As a result underground water tables have fallen rapidly across the country.
The use of diesel or electricity for irrigation is rising. Lifting the ground water to surface is a very expensive process and it has to be brought down.
Hence, water, a natural resource for production, particularly for agriculture, now requires greater capital for its