1. Define one calorie 2. State Boyle's law. 3. State-the law of volume 4. Distinguish between ideal gas and real gas. 5. What is rust? Give the equation for formation of rust 6. State two conditions necessary for rusting of iron. 7. What causes the opening and closing of guard cells of stomata during sweat? 8. Trace the pathway followed by water molecules from the time it enters a plant root to the time it escapes into the atmosphere from a leaf. 9. What would happen to the leaves of a plant that transpires more water than its absorption in the roots? 10. What is the importance of valves in the heart? 11. Who discovered Rh factor? Why was it named so? 12. Why is the Sinoatrial node called the pacemaker of heart? 13. What are synthetic auxins? Give examples. 14.. What is bolting? How can it be induced artificially? 15. Why are thyroid hormones refered as personality hormone?
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Answer:
1.The calorie was originally defined as the amount of heat required at a pressure of 1 standard atmosphere to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1° Celsius. Since 1925 this calorie has been defined in terms of the joule, the definition since 1948 being that one calorie is equal to approximately 4.2 joules.
2.This empirical relation, formulated by the physicist Robert Boyle in 1662, states that the pressure (p) of a given quantity of gas varies inversely with its volume (v) at constant temperature; i.e., in equation form, pv = k, a constant. ...
3.When the pressure of gas is kept constant, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas. (i.e) VαT,V/T= constant.
4.Two types of gases exist. Real gas and Ideal gas. As the particle size of an ideal gas is extremely small and the mass is almost zero and no volume Ideal gas is also considered as a point mass.
...
Real gas:
Difference between Ideal gas and Real gas
IDEAL GAS REAL GAS
Obeys PV = nRT Obeys p + ((n2 a )/V2)(V – n b ) = nRT
5.The chemical formula for rust is Fe2O3 and is commonly known as ferric oxide or iron oxide. The final product is a series of chemical reactions simplified below as- The rusting of the iron formula is simply 4Fe + 3O2 + 6H2O → 4Fe(OH)3.
6.the presence of air and water vapor in air are two necessary conditions for the rusting of iron.
7.The stomata are the tiny pores present on the surface of leaves. ... The guard cells are specialized plant cells present in the epidermis of leaves, stems. > The change in the turgidity of the guard cells causes their opening and closing.
8.The pathway followed by the water molecules from the root to the leaf, from which it escapes into the atmosphere through stomata during transpiration is: Plant root hairs —> Cortical cells —> Xylem —> Stem —> Leaves
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There is a garden inside a 150m long and
100m wide rectangular park. A 20m wide path is
built surrounding the garden along the boundary
of the park. Find the area of the garden