1. Define the following terms: a. Gene b. Centromere c. Heredity d. Alleles e. Allosomes
Answers
Gene - A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are made up of DNA. Some genes act as instructions to make molecules called proteins.
Centromere - Centromere, structure in a chromosome that holds together the two chromatids (the daughter strands of a replicated chromosome). The centromere is the point of attachment of the kinetochore, a structure to which the microtubules of the mitotic spindle become anchored.
Heredity - Heredity, the sum of all biological processes by which particular characteristics are transmitted from parents to their offspring. The set of genes that an offspring inherits from both parents, a combination of the genetic material of each, is called the organism's genotype.
Alleles - An allele is a variant form of a gene. Some genes have a variety of different forms, which are located at the same position, or genetic locus, on a chromosome. Alleles contribute to the organism's phenotype, which is the outward appearance of the organism. Some alleles are dominant or recessive.
Allosomes - A chromosome that differs from an ordinary autosome in form, size, or behavior.
Gene :
The basic biological unit of heredity. A segment of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) needed to contribute to a function.
An official definition: According to the official Guidelines for Human Gene Nomenclature, a gene is defined as "a DNA segment that contributes to phenotype/function.
Centrosome :
A Centrosome is a cellular structure involved in the process of cell division. Before cell division, the centrosome duplicates and then, as division begins, the two centrosomes move to opposite ends of the cell.
Heredity :
Heredity is the biological process responsible for passing on physical traits from one generation to another.
Heredity will determine a person's hair color and height. And due to heredity, some people are more susceptible to diseases and disorders like cancer, alcoholism, and depression.
Alleles :
An allele is one of two or more versions of a gene. An individual inherits two alleles for each gene, one from each parent. If the two alleles are the same, the individual is homozygous for that gene. If the alleles are different, the individual is heterozygous.
Allosomes :
A chromosome that differs from an ordinary autosome in form, size, or behavior; a sex chromosome.heterochromosome heterotypical chromosome.