Question

1. Define the following terms:
(i) Putrefaction
(ii) Vaccine
(iii) Ammonification
(iv) Pasteurization
2. List various diseases caused by bacteria and fungi
in animals and plants.​

Answer 1

Answer:

Putrefaction is the decay of the organic matter by the action of microorganisms resulting in the production of a foul smell. It occurs between 10 to 20 days of the death of an organism.

2.

Explanation:

2. a mild form of a disease that is put (injected) into a person or an animal’s blood using a needle (an injection) in order to protect the body against that disease

3.

Ammonification is the process where microscopic organisms like bacteria or other types of decomposing organisms, break down nitrogen containing chemicals from dead organic matter, into simple substances like ammonia. These simpler substances help in sustaining the ecosystem.

4. Pasteurization or pasteurisation is a process in which packaged and non-packaged foods (such as milk and fruit juice) are treated with mild heat, usually to less than 100 °C (212 °F), to eliminate pathogens and extend shelf life.

Answer 2

Answer:

1. Define the following terms

(i) PUTREFACTION- It is an anaerobic breakdown of proteins, with the production of foul-smelling compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and amines.

(ii) VACCINE-Dead or weeked microorganism introduced into the body to develop antibodies against that particular disease

(iii) AMMONIFICATION-Conversion of proteins into ammonia by ammonifying bacteria

(iv) PASTEURIZATION-It is a method of preserving milk.In this process, the milk is heated to about 70 degree Celsius for 15 to 30 seconds and then suddenly chilled and Stored

2 list various diseases caused by bacteria and fungi in plants and animals

Answer-

• Diseases caused by bacteria and fungi in plants are fire blight of Apple, pear,crown gall disease ,bacterial ringspot of potatoes, downy mildew of grapes, black rust of wheat
• Diseases caused by bacteria and fungi in animals are blastomycosis, coccidiomycosis, cryptococcosis, bovine disease in cattle, Salmonelliosis in chicken and horse etc
• HOPE IT HELPS....