Question

1.define vacuole.write its function
2.what are chromosomes ?write its function
3.differentiate between-(4-5 points)
a)unicellular and multicellular organisms
b)prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
c)plant and animal cell
4."cell is the basic unit of living organisms".Explain


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Answer 1

1. vacuoles are certain clear spaces in the cytoplasm .They are filled with water an various substances in solution . They contains cell sap .Function-  give turgity to cells and stores water.
2. During cell division the chromatin fibre becomes thick and ribbon like. these fibres are called chromosomes . Function- it carry the genetic characters from the parents to offsprings.
3. a.Unicellular - made up of only single cell. e.g, yeast
Multicellular- made of millions and billions of cells.e.g, humans

b.Prokaryotic- no well defined nucleus and small ribosomes.
Eukaryotic- well defined nucleus and large ribosomes .  

c.Plant cell- definite cell wall, centrosomes absent, contains plastid .
Animal cell- no cell wall,centrosome present , plastids absent.

4. cell is the basic part because , it is the smallest part of body and capable of independent existence and of performing the essential functions of life.

Answer 2

1.Vacuoles are clear spaces in cells with water and other substances in solution.
Plant cells have large,prominent  vacuoles , while animal cells have small ,temporary vacuoles ,if at all.It is bound by a covering called tonoplast . It contains cell sap which has ANTHOCYANIN in it.Function:Gives turgidity to the cell and stores food pigments,water and waste products.
2.The chromatin network in the resting stage of the nucleus condenses into fine threads called chromosomes.Function:They are the bearers of genes , the carriers of  hereditary characters.
3.a>Unicellular organisms cannot be seen by the naked eye and are made up of a single cell.Eg-Chlamydomonas.There is only 1 cell which controls all the structural functions.cell division does not take place
Multicellular organisms can be seen by the naked eye and are made up of more than 1 cell.Eg-Human. There are many cells which perform their own functions and cell division takes place ,unlike in unicellular organisms.
B>Prokaryotic cells do not have a well defined nucleus/nuclear membrane and there are small ribosomes.The nuclear material is scattered in the cytoplasm.
EG-Bacterial Cell
Eukaryotic cells have a well defined nucleus and nuclear membrane and there are big ribosomes.Most of the nuclear material is present within the nucleus.Eg- All plant and animal cells.
c>Plant cells have cell wall , plastids, are comparatively bigger ,dont have centrosomes and centrioles,cytoplasm is pushed towards the periphery ,only a thin lining of cytoplasm.
Animal cells dont have cell wall,dont have plastids , are comparatively smaller,have centrosomes and centrioles,denser cytoplasm is present which fills almost entire cell.
4.Cell is the basic unit of living organisms because:The cell is the basic structural and functional living unit of all living organisms which has independent existence and new cells arise by the division of pre-existing cells.