1. Describe the development of art and architecture under the Vijaynagar rulers.
2. List the achievements of Mahmud Gawan as Prime Minister of Bahamani kingdom.
3. What were the main achievements of Rana Kumbha of Mewar?
Describe the various achievements of Zainul Abidin, the ruler of Kashmir. .
5. List the administrative reforms that brought glory to the Vijaynagar empire.
Answers
Explanation:
1) Vijayanagar Empire ruled Andhra and Karnataka in addition to Tamil Nadu. They patronised art and sculpture by constructing temples. Mandapams, Gopuram, Kalyana Mandapams and a few small temples. They followed Dravidian style of architecture, the Indo-Sarasonic elements also occupied a prominent place in it.
2) He managed the affairs of the state for 18 years. He led an expedition against the armies of Khandesh and Orissa. Mahmud Gawan invaded the fertile land of Daulatabad ,Berar and Bidar.
3)Kumbha erected a Victory Tower at Chittor as a mark of victory of his conquests. He consolidated the fortification of Chittor and constructed a road running through its seven doors
4)He gave religious freedom to his Hindu subjects and abolished the Jizya tax. 2. He encouraged the development of several crafts like shawl making, gold jewelry making, musket making, paper making and book binding
5)Council of ministers: To assist the king in the affairs of administration of Vijayanagar empire, there was a council of ministers which consisted of . possibly six or eight ministers.