1. Describe the extent of the Northern Plains.
Answers
Explanation:
The northern plains are the largest alluvial tract of the world. These plains extend approximately 3200 km from west to east. The average width of these plains varies between 150 and 300 km. In general, the width of the northern plains increases from east to west (90-100km in Assam to about 500km in Punjab).
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The Indo-Gangetic Plain, also known as the Indus-Ganga Plain and the North Indian River Plain, is a 2.5-million km2 (630-million-acre) fertile plain encompassing northern regions of the Indian subcontinent, including most of northern and eastern India, the eastern parts of Pakistan, virtually all of Bangladesh and southern plains of Nepal.[1] The region is named after the Indus and the Ganges rivers and encompasses a number of large urban areas. The plain is bound on the north by the Himalayas, which feed its numerous rivers and are the source of the fertile alluvium deposited across the region by the two river systems. The southern edge of the plain is marked by the Chota Nagpur Plateau. On the west rises the Iranian Plateau
The region is known for the Indus Valley Civilization, which was responsible for the birth of ancient culture of the Indian subcontinent. The flat and fertile terrain has facilitated the repeated rise and expansion of various empires, including the Magadha dynasties, Imperial Kannauj, the Mughal Empire and Maratha Empire – all of which had their demographic and political centers in the Indo-Gangetic plain. During the Vedic and Epic eras of Indian history, this region was referred to as "Aryavarta" (Land of the Aryans). According to Manusmṛti (2.22), 'Aryavarta' is "the tract between the Himalaya and the Vindhya ranges, from the Eastern Sea (Bay of Bengal) to the Western Sea (Arabian Sea)".[2][3] The region is also referred to as "Hindustan" or the Land of the Hindus, as mentioned in the Sanskrit shloka in Vishnu Purana:
हिमालयं समारभ्य यावत् इंदु सरेावरम्
तं देवनिर्मितं देशं हिंदुस्थानं प्रचक्षते
"Starting from Himalayas and extending upto Indian Ocean,
this nation created by God is known as Hindusthanam".
The suffix -stan , in the term Hindustan is variation of the Sanskrit word Sthanam which means "land".
The term was later used to refer to the whole of the Indian subcontinent. The term "Hindustani" is also used to refer to the people, music, and culture of the region.[4][5]