Question

1. Discuss how the changes in forest management in the colonial period affected
the following groups of people:
Shifting cultivators
Nomadic and pastoralist communities
Firms trading in timber/forest produce
Plantation owners
Kings/British officials engaged in shikar (hunting)
2. What are the similarities between colonial management of the forests in Bastar
and in Java?
Α Α Α
3. Between 1880 and 1920, forest cover in the Indian subcontinent declined by 9.7
million hectares, from 108.6 million hectares to 98.9 million hectares. Discuss
the role of the following factors in this decline:
Railways
→ Shipbuilding
Agricultural expansion
>
Commercial farming
> Tea/Coffee plantations
Adivasis and other peasant users
Why are forests affected by wars?​

Answer 1

Answer:

The changes in forest management in the colonial period affect the life of plantation owners as : (i) The colonial power introduced plantation agriculture in India. (ii) They flourished as large areas of natural forests were cleared to make way for tea, coffee and rubber plantation.

Explanation:

Answer 2

Question :-

Why are forests affected by wars?

Answer :-

The wars affected the forests. The First World War and Second World War left a deep impact on the forests. The working plans were given up and trees cut to fulfil the war needs. In Java, just before the Japanese attacked the Island, the Dutch followed ‘a scorched earth’ policy destroyed sawmills and burnt huge piles of teak wood. When the Japanese, came to Java, they exploited the forests for their own needs.

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