1.)Distinguish between the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales.
2.)When a pan of water is heated on a gas stove, all the water turns hot in a while. How does heat travel
through the water?
3.)What happens to radiant heat when it falls on a body? What does the absorption of radiant hcat by a body
depend on?
4.)a. Mention one difference between the transfer of heat by conduction and that by radiation
(b) Mention one difference between the transfer of heat by conduction and that by convection.
Answers
Answer:
According to the Newtonian first law, a body unacted
on by force remains at rest, or else moves uniformly in a straight
line. Any application of force upsets this condition. Now, we
know perfectly well that every body on earth is being affected by at
least one force, the Gravitational pull of the Earth, and every moving
thing is also being retarded by a force due to Friction. Clearly,
to remain at rest, a body must be constantly acted on also by some
other force which just neutralizes the pull of the earth ; and to
travel at uniform speed a body, e.g. a train, must in addition
be constantly acted on by some force just neutralizing friction.
Hence when an actual body behaves as if free from forces alto-
gether, it is said to be ' in equilibrium ' under the action of all the
forces actually exerted on it ; or all the forces concerned form
' a system in equilibrium.' Their study constitutes Statics.
It has been insisted all along, however, that force is momentum
supplied per second, and consequently the forces acting when a
body is visibly changing its motion in speed or direction — a falling
stone, a stopping train, a piece of revolving wheel — form just as
much a system in equilibrium as when the body is at rest or moving
steadily. Only, one of the vectors concerned, one of the arrows in
the diagram, happens to be not a ' feelable ' force, but its equivalent,
a visible change of momentum, once called the vis inertias of the
body, its mass multiplied by (— its acceleration). The diagram of
vectors is perfectly unchanged.
Explanation:
Answer:
1) In the Celsius scale, the boiling point of water is 100°C, and the freezing point is at 0°C, while in the Fahrenheit scale the boiling point of water is measured at 212°F and freezing point at 32°F. This is the significant point which distinguishes both.Fahrenheit: is a temperature scale named after the German-Dutch physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736), who proposed it in 1724. In this scale, the freezing point of water is 32 degrees Fahrenheit (written “32 °F”), and the boiling point is 212 degrees, placing the boiling and freezing points of water exactly 180 degrees apart.
Celsius:The degree Celsius (symbol: °C) can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale as well as serve as unit increment to indicate a temperature interval(a difference between two temperatures or an uncertainty). “Celsius” is named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701-1744).
2) When the bottom water is heated, it moves up and cold water takes its place at bottom. And the process continues till all water is heated. This process of heating is called convection.
3)When the radiant heat falls on a body, part of it is absorbed and the rest of it is reflected back. The absorption of radiant heat by a body depends on its absorptive, reflective and transitive properties.
4) (a) While conduction is the transfer of heat energy by direct contact, convection is the movement of heat by actual motion of matter; radiation is the transfer of energy with the help of electromagnetic waves.
(b) The difference between conduction and convection is that in convection heat is actually transferred by moving particles as when a fan is used to move heat from one place to another by blowing air. In conduction heat is transferred through solids by means of the vibrating molecules in a substance.
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