Question

1.distinguish between the following pairs:

a. Acid lava and Basic lava

b. Crater and caldera

C. Active and extinct volcano

d. weathering and denudation

e. Soil creep movement and soil flow

Answer 1

a)Lava: Magma that reaches the earth's surface is called lava. It may be acidicor basic. Acidic lava is viscous, is lighter in colour and has higher silica content. Basic lava is non-viscous, is darker in colour and has lower silica content.

Answer 2

A) Lava: Magma that reaches the earth's surface is called lava. It may be acidic or basic. Acidic lava is viscous, is lighter in colour and has higher silica content.
Basic lava is non-viscous, is darker in colour and has lower silica content.


B) A caldera is formed when a large eruption of magma, or lava, leaves a gigantic empty chamber underground. The volcanic material above the chamber, usually made of volcanic rock and tuff, collapses into the empty magma chamber. ...
A crater, on the other hand, is almost always a vent for volcanic activity.

C) An erupting volcano is an active volcano that is having an eruption... A dormant volcano is an active volcano that is not erupting, but supposed to erupt again.
An extinct volcano has not had an eruption for at least 10,000 years and is not expected to erupt again in a comparable time scale of the future.

D) Weathering is a process in which rocks are divided into or disintegrated or decomposed at or near the surface of the earth, into small fragments. weathering is a general term applied to the combined action of all precesses that cause rocks to disintegrate physically and decompose chemically.
Denudationis the long-term sum of processes that cause the wearing away of the earth’s surface leading to a reduction in elevation and relief of landforms and landscapes. Endogenetic processes such as volcanoes, earthquakes, and plate tectonics uplift and expose continental crust to the exogenetic denudation processes of weathering, erosion, and mass wasting.
Hence weathering is only one process of denudation and we can say that denudation is a blend of various processes like Weathering, Erosion, and mass wasting.

E.) Soil creep:

Soil creep is slow movement of soil along the slope. Slope is very gentle and movement is very slow. This happen due to daily expansion and contraction of soil particles. This make terrace like features.
Soil creep is continuous.
Soil ceep is extremely slow movement.
Soil Creep is highly imperceptible phenomena and can be discerned by extended.
Soil Creep is purely function of gravity.
Soil Creep occurs at low-gradient slope .


Soil flow:

Soil flow is faster movement of material along moderate or step slope. This mass movement happen in presence of water. This happen due to saturation of soil over an impermeable layer of soil.
soil flow and land slides are seasonal and not regular.
Soil flow fast and landslide very fast movement.
Soil flow depends on gravity as well as amount of water .
Soil flow depends on the speed of water and slope.
Soil flow and landslides over high-gradient slope.





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