Social Sciences, asked by rajuprasad12gupta, 7 months ago

1. Do animals have their own families? How do they take care of
each others?​

Answers

Answered by brargurdev220
1

Answer:

yes ,it has own families

Explanation:

they help each other to make our home for shelter

collect our food to eat

etc.

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Answered by abdur2208
0

Answer:

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Explanation:

Some animal species are very social and show a high level of organisation and teamwork to survive in their environment. From ants to some other big animals, such organization may translate into gathering and sharing food together, hunting together, grooming each other, and protecting one another.

For example:

Male penguins incubate the egg while the female hunts for 4 months. After the hatching of the egg, while waiting for the mother to bring food (fish) for the chick, the father feeds the chick a high-protein milk produced by a gland in its throat. When the mother comes back, she takes over and feed the chick the fish she kept undigested in her stomach thanks to an enzyme that keeps them fresh as on the first day they were swallowed. The father, that hasn't eaten for 4 months, now embark on a journey to find food. It engages in that activity for about 2 months. Then, it goes back to its family. Penguins live in colony. Therefore, when both mother and father go hunting, they leave their chicks with the rest of the group with a few adults to assure protection. Mother and father return to the colony to feed their chicks one last time. After 5 months, the chicks are now ready to fend for themselves.

In chimpanzees, for example, two or more lower ranking males can form a coalition to overtake the dominant male in the group.

Male dolphins may form a coalition in order to be able to mate with a female that can successfully evade sexual approaches by one male but not by two males.

It’s the male seahorse who bears the baby seahorses. The male seahorse is equipped with a pouch on the ventral, or front-facing, side of the tail. When mating, the female seahorse deposits up to 1,500 eggs in the male's pouch. The male carries the eggs for 9 to 45 days until the seahorses emerge fully developed, but very small.

Experience that proves cooperation in animals

Cooperation among animals have been demonstrated by an experience called the cooperative pulling paradigm, which is an experimental design in which two or more animals pull rewards toward themselves via an apparatus that they cannot successfully operate alone. Researchers (ethologists, comparative psychologists, and evolutionary psychologists) use cooperative pulling experiments to try to understand how cooperation works and how and when it may have evolved.

The type of apparatus used in cooperative pulling experiments can vary. Researcher Meredith Crawford, who invented the experimental paradigm in 1937, used a mechanism consisting of two ropes attached to a rolling platform that was too heavy to be pulled by a single chimpanzee. The standard apparatus is one in which a single string or rope is threaded through loops on a movable platform. If only one participant pulls the string, it comes loose and the platform can no longer be retrieved. Only by pulling together in coordination can the participants be successful; success by chance is highly unlikely. Some researchers have designed apparatus that involve handles instead of ropes.

Although many animals retrieve rewards in their cooperative pulling tasks, the conclusions regarding cooperation are mixed and complex. Chimpanzees, bonobos, orangutans, capuchins, tamarins, wolves, elephants, ravens, and keas appear to understand the requirements of the task. For example, in a delay condition, the first animal has access to the apparatus before the other. If the animal waits for its partner before pulling, this suggests an understanding of cooperation. Chimpanzees, elephants, wolves, dogs, ravens, and keas wait; grey parrots, rooks, and otters fail to wait. Chimpanzees actively solicit help when needed. They appear to recall previous outcomes to recruit the most effective partner. In a group setting, chimpanzees punish initial competitive behavior (taking food without pulling, displacing animals) such that eventually successful cooperation becomes the norm.

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