1. Draw a labelled diagram of T.S of flagellum. 2. List any two differences between a flagellum and a cilium. 3. What are dynein arms? What is their significance? 1. What is a kinety? 5. Distinguish between synchronous and metachronous movements.
Answers
Answer 2 Cilia are short, hair like appendages extending from the surface of a living cell. Flagella are long, threadlike appendages on the surface of a living cell. Occurs throughout the cell surface. Presence at one end or two ends or all over the surface
Answer 3 The main significance of dynein arms is their capability to convert ATP energy to mechanical energy. The ODA arms can identify the fluctuation of calcium concentration which has an important role in waveform alteration of cilia and the frequency of beat in flagella
Answer 4 Kinety system is present in ciliates. It is a unit of structure in the Protozoa comprising the kinestosomes, the basal granules of the cilia and flagella and the kinetodesma, a fine strand running from the kinetosomes
Answer 5 Synchronous movement: cilia in a transverse row beat simultaneously in one direction. ... metachronous movements: cilia of longitudinal row show sequential movement one after the other in one direction. It passes like a wave. so the cilia movement in the longitudinal and transverse way is responsible for this
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