Question

1) Draw a neat labelled diagram of animal cell and list the function of each organalle?​

Answer 1

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ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM:

Rough endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Its main function is to produce proteins. It is made up of cisternae, tubules and vesicles. The cisternae are made up of flattened membrane disks, which are involved in the modification of proteins.

PLASMA MEMBRANE:

All cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane. The membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer arranged back-to-back. The membrane is also covered in places with cholesterol molecules and proteins. The plasma membrane is selectively permeable and regulates which molecules are allowed to enter and exit the cell.

GOLGI APPARATUS :

The Golgi apparatus, also called Golgi complex or Golgi body, is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells (cells with clearly defined nuclei) that is made up of a series of flattened stacked pouches called cisternae. It is located in the cytoplasm next to the endoplasmic reticulum and near the cell nucleus.

SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM:

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER) is a membranous organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. ... Its main functions are the synthesis of lipids, steroid hormones, the detoxification of harmful metabolic byproducts and the storage and metabolism of calcium ions within the cell.

NUCLEUS :

The nucleus is a membrane bound structure that contains the cell's hereditary information and controls the cell's growth and reproduction. It is commonly the most prominent organelle in the cell. The nucleus is surrounded by a structure called the nuclear envelope

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE:

The nuclear envelope consists of two lipid bilayer membranes, an inner nuclear membrane, and an outer nuclear membrane. ... The outer nuclear membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. The nuclear envelope has many nuclear pores that allow materials to move between the cytosol and the nucleus.

CENTRIOLES:

Centrioles are found in most eukaryotic cells. A bound pair of centrioles, surrounded by a shapeless mass of dense material, called the pericentriolar material (PCM), makes up a structure called a centrosome. ... Centrioles are typically made up of nine sets of short microtubule triplets, arranged in a cylinder.

RIBOSOMES :

Ribosomes are the protein builders or the protein synthesizers of the cell. They are like construction guys who connect one amino acid at a time and build long chains. Ribosomes are special because they are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

LYSOSOMES :

A lysosome is a cell organelle. They are like spheres. ... With a wider definition, lysosomes are found in the cytoplasm of plant and protists as well as animal cell. Lysosomes work like the digestive system to break down, or digest, proteins, acids, carbohydrates, dead organelles, and other unwanted materials.

MITOCHONDRIA:

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell. They are organelles that act like a digestive system which takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy rich molecules for the cell. The biochemical processes of the cell are known as cellular respiration.

CYTOPLASM:

Cytoplasm consists of all of the contents outside of the nucleus and enclosed within the cell membrane of a cell. It is clear in color and has a gel-like appearance. Cytoplasm is composed mainly of water but also contains enzymes, salts, organelles, and various organic molecules.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Plasma membrane (diagram above)

The plasma membrane, or the cell membrane, provides protection for a cell. It also provides a fixed environment inside the cell. And that membrane has several different functions. One is to transport nutrients into the cell and also to transport toxic substances out of the cell.

Nucleus

The nucleus has very important roles to play. As it contains genetic material, it coordinates cell activities like protein synthesis and cell division. Anatomically the nucleus is made up of several components: nuclear envelope, nuclear lamina, nucleolus, chromosomes, nucleoplasm are some of these components.

Cytoplasm

The cytoplasm acts as a buffer and protects the genetic material of the cell and also the cellular organelles from damage caused due to movement and collision with other cells. Cellular respiration begins in the cytoplasm with glycolysis.

Mitochondria

Traditionally referred to as the powerhouses of cells, mitochondria play a vital role in the conversion of energy from food into energy for biological processes.

Golgi apparatus

While many types of cells contain only one or several Golgi apparatus, plant cells can contain hundreds. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for transporting, modifying, and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles for delivery to targeted destinations.

Endoplasmic retticulam

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in biology, a continuous membrane system that forms a series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and serves multiple functions, being important particularly in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins

Ribosomes

Ribosomes have two main functions — decoding the message and the formation of peptide bonds. These two activities reside in two large ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) of unequal size, the ribosomal subunits. Each subunit is made of one or more ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and many ribosomal proteins (r-proteins).

Lysosomes

lysosome is a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes. Lysosomes are involved with various cell processes. They break down excess or worn-out cell parts. They may be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria.

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