1. एल्केन और साइक्लोएल्केन का नामकरण एवं वर्गीकरण को उदाहरण सहित समझाइये साथ ही
चित्र द्वारा शाखायुक्त एवं शाखा विहीन एल्केन को समझाइये।
Strit
klomonoloture and coecitinstic
anes and craikanas
Answers
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Explanation:
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Answer:
Biological source:
• It belongs to the erythroxylaceae.
• The botanical name of coca is Erythroxylon coca lam.
• The biological source of coca is its dried leaves.
• It is also known as cuca,cocaine,folium cocae and bolivian coca.
2. Morphological features:
• The color of leaves are brownish to green.
• The shape of leaves are oval.
• Leaves are glabrous.
• It have a bitter taste.
• It is 3-8 cm long and 1.5-4 cm wide.
• Erythroxylon truxillense ,another species of coca contain elliptical shaped leaves and they are pale green in color.
• This plant resembles a blackthorn bush having height upto 2-3 m .
• The branches of coca are straight .
• Leaves contain a green tint and they are taper at the extremities.
• In leaf an areolated portion is bounded by two longitudinal curved lines, one line on each side of the midrib and more conspicuous on the under face of the leaf.
• Flowers are small in size and they are disposed in little clusters on short stalks.
• Corolla of flowers of is composed of five yellowish – white petals.
• The of anthers is heart –shaped and pistil contain 3 carples united to form a three-chambered ovary.
• At maturation flowers turn into red berries.
3. Chemical constituents:
• The major chemical constituent of coca is alkaloids and it is about 0.7-1.5% of total alkaloids.
• It is consist of cocaine, cinnamyl cocaine and alpha-truxilline or cocamine.
• In java coca, tropacocaine and 4 crystalline glucosides are present in addition with other chemical constituents.
• Cinnamylcocaine is the chief chemical constituent of coca.
• Hygrine, hygroline, cuscohygrine , dihydrocuscohygrine and tropacocaine also isolated from the leaves of coca.
• They also contain cocatannica acid.
• 1- hydroxytropacocaine is the largely isolated chemical constituent from the E. novogranatense species.
• Essential oil also present in coca .
•
4. Uses:
• The major chemical constituent of coca, cocaine has stimulant action on CNS.
• Leaves are used to relieve from hunger and fatigue.
• Coca leaves are used as stimulant of cerebral area and muscle stimulant.
• It is especially used during convalescence, to get rid from nausea, vomiting and pains of stomach without upsetting the digestion.
• It also has local anesthetic action on skin and mucous membrane.
• It is used as dental anesthesia and in minor local surgery of eye, ear, nose and throat.
• The chemical structure of cocaine lead many synthetic anesthetics like anesthesia, Novocain and stovain.