1 Enlist type of biohazardous waste and give relevant examples from your laboratory
2- Who is at risk of biohazardous waste?
3- What are the requirements for effective waste management 4- What is the first step in waste management?
5 What are the advantages and limitations of incineration?
6- What are the barriers to appropriate waste management?
7- What are the factors affecting disinfections? 8- What are the characteristics of an ideal disinfectant?
Answers
1 ) Types of Bio-medical waste
a ) Human anatomical waste like tissues, organs and body parts
b ) Animal wastes generated during research from veterinary hospitals
c ) Microbiology and biotechnology wastes
d ) Waste sharps like hypodermic needles, syringes, scalpels and broken glass
e ) Discarded medicines and cytotoxic drugs
Soiled waste such as dressing, bandages, plaster casts, material contaminated with blood, tubes and catheters
f ) Liquid waste from any of the infected areas
g ) Incineration ash and other chemical wastes
2 ) Hazardous waste in the environment is one of the most difficult challenges facing our society. The purpose of this book is to provide a background of the many aspects of hazardous waste, from its sources to its consequences, focusing on the risks posed to human health and the environment.
3 ) For treatment technologies, waste needs to be clean enough for effective treatment. The compost plant should get only the biodegradable, organic, fraction of the waste to produce good compost which will meet regulatory standards, and can be used in agricultural and other applications
4 ) The very first step in the management of waste disposal is the collection of waste. The accumulated waste heaps should be first sorted out and separated. For example, Dry waste, Wet waste, plastics, paper waste etc, every type of waste should be separated out according to the nature of the waste product.
5 ) However, incinerators also have their downside. Let's have a look at the advantages and disadvantages of incineration.
a ) Decreases Quantity of Waste.
b ) Efficient Waste Management.
c ) Production of Heat and Power.
d ) Reduction of Pollution.
e ) Incinerators Have Filters For Trapping Pollutants.
f ) Saves on Transportation of Waste
6 ) Five key organizational barriers to effective MSWM in TKYSM include problems for the local authority such as lack of planning, strategic direction, and management (including lack of training) and poor communication between TKYSM staff and the community.
7 ) Factors Affecting the Efficacy of Disinfection and Sterilization
a ) Number and Location of Microorganisms
b ) Innate Resistance of Microorganisms.
c ) Concentration and Potency of
d ) Physical and Chemical Factors.
e ) Organic and Inorganic Matter.
f ) Duration of Exposure.
g ) Biofilms.
8 ) Properties of an ideal disinfectant
a ) Broad spectrum: should have a wide antimicrobial spectrum.
b ) Fast acting: should produce a rapid kill.
c ) Not affected by environmental factors: should be active in the presence of organic matter (e.g., blood, sputum, feces) and compatible with soaps, detergents, and other chemicals encountered in use.
hope helpful for you