1. Explain
a) Why growth of nationalism in the colonies is linked to an anti-colonial movement
0 How the First World War helped in the growth of the National Movement in India. -
Answers
Answer:
a)Growth of nationalism in the colonies is linked to an anti-colonial movement because: Colonisation affected people's freedom. The sense of oppression and exploitation became a common bond for people of different groups which resulted in the growth of nationalist ideals
b)World War 1 helped in growth of India's national movement in the following ways: The World War 1 created political and economic situations in India. To meet the expenditure of the war, the British empire ruling India introduced taxes such as custom duties and income tax.
Answer:
Answer: (a) Nationalism is a feeling that combines all the people of the nation into a single unit. It is a powerful sentiment that binds people together in a common bond beyond their communal, lingual, caste or religious differences. In all the colonies of the world, the imperialist power exploited the people socially, religiously, economically and politically.
Colonization affected people's freedom, and nationalist sentiments surged during the process of struggle against imperial domination.
The sense of oppression and exploitation became a common bond for people from different walks of life, and this resulted in the growth of nationalist ideals.
Although each class or group of people felt that they were being oppressed under colonialism, the effects of colonialism were felt differently.
People started uniting against the colonialism which strengthened the sense of nationalism further.
Thus, the growth of nationalism in the colonies is linked to anti-colonial movements.
(b)
During the First World War, the British army conducted forced recruitment from rural areas in India.
To finance the defence expenditure, high customs duties and income taxes were imposed.
Also, during 1918-19 and 1920-21, crops failed in many parts of India, thereby resulting in acute food shortages. Accompanied by epidemics it accounted for 12 to 13 million deaths. All this caused extensive anger and opposition against the British colonial rule.
People hoped that their hardships would end after the war was over. But this did not happen.
The war had given rise to many social and economic problems. The Montague-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 could not satisfy the aspirations of the Indians. There arose a general discontent among the Indian masses against the British rule.