1.Explain conformational and configurational Bomerism.
2.Explain Aldol condensation.
3. Explain Claisen condesation.
4. Write about specific conductance and equivalent conductance
Answers
No.1
Configurational Isomers: Configurational isomers are stereoisomers that cannot be converted into one another by rotating the molecule around a single bond. Conformational Isomers: Conformational isomers are stereoisomers that can be converted into one another by rotating the molecule at a single bond.
No.2
An aldol condensation is a condensation reaction in organic chemistry in which an enol or an enolate ion reacts with a carbonyl compound to form a β-hydroxyaldehyde or β-hydroxyketone (an aldol reaction), followed by dehydration to give a conjugated enone.
No.3
The Claisen condensation is a carbon–carbon bond forming reaction that occurs between two esters or one ester and another carbonyl compound in the presence of a strong base, resulting in a β-keto ester or a β-diketone. It is named after Rainer Ludwig Claisen, who first published his work on the reaction in 1887.
No.4
Concentration: * The specific conductance (κ) increases with increase in concentration of solution as the number of ions per unit volume increases. * Whereas, both the equivalent conductivity and molar conductance increase with decrease in concentration (i.e. upon dilution) since the extent of ionization increases.
Answer :
1. Configurational :
- Stereoisomers that cannot be transformed into one another by rotating the molecule around a single bond are known as configurational isomers.
Conformational :
- Stereoisomers that can be transformed into one another by rotating the molecule at a single bond are known as conformational isomers.
2. Aldol condensation :
- Using certain procedures, aldol reactions, also known as aldol condensation, can be achieved. When one carbon gives the carbonyl group and another offers the carbon with a -hydrogen, the reaction is commonly employed to close rings.
3. Claisen condensation :
- The Claisen condensation process is an organic coupling reaction that produces a C-C bond between two esters or between a single ester and one carbonyl molecule.
4. Specific conductance :
- The ability of a substance to carry electricity is known as specific conductance. It's the opposite of particular resistance. Specific conductance is defined as the conducting capacity of a dissolved electrolyte solution when the entire solution is placed between two electrodes with a surface area of 1 sq. cm and a length of 1 cm.
Equivalent conductance:
- The conductance of an electrolyte's equivalent conductance is defined as the conductance of a volume of solution containing one equivalent weight of dissolved substance when placed between two parallel electrodes 1 cm apart and large enough to contain the entire solution between them.