Question

1 Explain the chemical change brought about by lactobacillus bacteria in making
curd from milk.​

Answer 1

Answer:

Milk is converted into curd or yogurt by the process of fermentation. Milk consists of globular proteins called casein. The curd forms because of the chemical reaction between the lactic acid bacteria and casein. During fermentation, the bacteria use enzymes to produce energy (ATP) from lactose. The byproduct of ATP production is lactic acid. Lactic acid acts on the globular proteins present in the milk and denatures them. This denaturation destroys the tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins and the globular proteins are converted into fibrous proteins thus giving a thick texture to the milk due to coagulation of the proteins.

Explanation:

Microorganisms are used in baking industry. b. Microorganisms are used in the preparation of curd. c. Microorganisms are used in commercial preparation of pickles, and many dairy products. d. Microorganisms are used in industrial production of alcohol and wine. Yeast converts the natural sugars present in grains into alcohol. Wine is produced by the process of fermentation.The process of converting sugar into alcohol is called fermentation. • Fermentation: Louis Pasteur discovered the process of fermentation. Fermentation is a slow biochemical process by which sugar molecules are broken down in the absence of air to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide. The process of fermentation is brought about by organisms like yeast which respire under anaerobic conditions. e) Microorganisms like bacteria act as decomposers to clean up organic waste by decomposing them into usable substances. • Decomposition: It is the process by which some organisms can convert dead and decaying matter into organic matter of the soil. These organisms which bring about decomposition are termed to be decomposers. Decomposers form an important part of the ecosystem. f) Microorganisms are used to prepare medicines. These medicines are used in treatment of diseases caused by various microorganisms. • Antibiotics: These are the substances produced by certain microorganisms and are used as medicines to kill pathogens. Antibiotics are used only against certain microorganisms. They are not effective against viruses. g) Microorganisms are used in preparation of vaccines. • Vaccines: A vaccine is a collection of antigens of weak strains of particular disease causing microorganisms. When this is injected into the blood stream, it stimulates immune system to produce antibodies. These antibodies fight against weak antigens and some of them are stored in the blood to prevent the attack of that particular disease in future. This is the process by which vaccines develop immunity for a particular disease in our body. Economic importance of bacteria • Bacteria like lactobacilli are used in the preparation of curd. • Bacteria are also used to prepare pickles and many dairy products. • Bacteria are used in industrial production of alcohol and wine by the process of fermentation. • Bacteria are useful in laboratories to test the effects of medicines. • Bacteria act as decomposers to clean up the environment by performing the process of decomposition. Bacteria performing the process of decomposition are called as saprobes. • Bacteria present in the soil aid in increasing soil fertility. • Bacteria present in the soil fix the nitrogen to plants. • Bacteria help in the tanning process of leather industries. • Bacteria can also help in the digestion of sewage

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