1. F Answer the following questions briefly. How were the Harappan cities planned? Exp houses. 2. With reference to the engineering skills of th features of (a) the Great Bath and (b) the dra 3 Give a brief account of the (a) Great Granary 4. Describe (a) the dress and (b) the ornaments 5. Describe the occupations and crafts of the H 6. Write short notes on the following: (a) Trade
Answers
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1. Mohenjo-daro had a planned layout with rectilinear buildings arranged on a grid plan. Most were built of fired and mortared brick; some incorporated sun-dried mud-brick and wooden superstructures. Sites were often raised, or built on man made hills. This could be to combat flooding in the nearby areas.
2.
1. The Great Bath: It was important building at Mohenjodero. This building resembled a large swimming pool, It had six entrances, central bathing pool, galleries and dressing rooms. It was probably used by the general public during religious ceremonies.
2. The drainage system: The people of the Indus valley had an excellent, wellplanned drainage system. The Kitchens and the bathrooms had drains connected to the street drains. The street drains ran along the side of the streets and were usually covered. They had manholes at regular intervals. The drainage system proves that the Indus Valley people paid great attention to sanitation and cleanliness.
3.
1. Great Granary: The Great Granary at Harappa was a large building. Historians believe that it was used to store surplus food grains. There were two rows of granaries. Each row had six granaries. 2. Assembly Hall: The Assembly Hall was another striking building found in Mohenjodaro. It was a pillared hall with thick walls and 20 pillars made of burnt or baked bricks. This may have been and assembly hall a prayer hall or a palace.
4.
1. Dress: People wore cotton and woolen garments. Two- piece dresses were worn by both men and women. The men wore a garment similar to the dhoti while the women wore skirts. The upper garments was a shawl worn around the shoulder.
2. Ornaments: Both men and women wore ornaments. They wore necklaces amulets and finger rings. The women also wore a headdress earrings bangles girdles bracelets and anklets. The rich wore ornaments made of gold silver and ivory. The poor wore shell bone and copper jewellery.
5. The Indus Valley people were excellent potters and skilled crafts people. They made pottery of various shapes and sizes. ... The people were also engaged in other crafts like brick laying boat making stone cutting masonry and carpentry. Spinning and weaving were important occupations.
6. 1Trade: The Indus Valley people carried on flourishing trade both within and outside India. They traded with countries like Mesopotamia, (Iraq), Persia (Iran) and Afghanistan. Trade was carried on both by land and sea routes. Bullock carts, boats and ships were probably used for transport. A dockyard has been discovered at Lothal.