1. Genetic Engineering is the process of changing the DNA in living organisms
to create something new.
2. Genetically modified organism is also called transgenic organism because
there was a transfer of genes from one organism to another.
3. Planting GMO and its commercial use improve farming methods efficiently
and effectively
Answers
Answer:
How are organisms genetically modified?
Genetic engineering is the modification of an organism's phenotype [text annotation indicator] by manipulating its genetic material. Some genetic engineering uses the principle of recombination. [text annotation indicator]
Recombination is the process through which a new gene is inserted into a bacterial DNA "The plasmid". The DNA needs to be cut with an enzyme called a restriction enzyme. The restriction enzyme used must have a specific shape that allows it to move along the DNA that is to be cut. The restriction enzyme looks for a specific point in the DNA sequence at which to cut the DNA. When the restriction enzyme cuts, it leaves a "Sticky end" which helps a new gene to attach at that point. Another enzyme is used to attach the new DNA segment; this is called "DNA ligase". Genetically engineered bacterium is cultured and many new copies of the bacteria with the new gene are grown. Genetic modifications can be made to both plants and animals.
Agrobacterium is bacteria that uses a Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) [text annotation indicator] . HGT is the transfer of DNA between different genomes [Pop up: A genome is the complete set of genetic material present in an organism]. HGT can occur in bacteria through transformation, conjugation and Transduction. However, it is also possible for HGT to occur between eukaryotes and bacteria though the mechanism for this transfer is not well understood.
Bacteria have three ways of transferring bacteria between cells:
Transformation: The uptake and incorporation of external DNA into the cell thereby resulting in the alteration of the genome
Conjugation: The exchange of genetic material through cell-to-cell contact of two bacterial cells. A strand of plasmid DNA is transferred to the recipient cell and the donor cell then synthesis DNA to replace the strand that was transferred to the recipient cell.
Transduction: A segment of bacterial DNA is carried from one bacterial cell to another by a bacteriophage [text annotation indicator] . The bacteriophage infects a bacterial cell and takes up bacterial DNA. When this phage infects another cell, it transfers the bacterial DNA to the new cell. The bacteria can then become a part of the new host cell.
Agrobacterium also has the ability to transfer DNA between itself and plants and is therefore commonly used in genetic engineering. The process of using Agrobacterium for genetic engineering is illustrated in the diagram below.
Answer:
- Genetic engineering is the process of using recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology to alter the genetic makeup of an organism. ... Genetic engineering involves the direct manipulation of one or more genes. Most often, a gene from another species is added to an organism's genome to give it a desired phenotype.
- So, let's get this straight. Transgenic organisms are all GMOs because they have been modified at the genomic level by using DNA from a different organism (like the GloFish), but not all GMOs are transgenic.
- GMO seeds are overwhelmingly embraced by American farmers. ... Technology allows farmers to produce more food, using less land and few chemicals, while conserving soil, water, and on-farm energy. • Today's traits are only the first in a pipeline that focus on delivering high yields in tough environmental conditions.
Explanation:
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