1. Give two examples of different types of global exchanges which took place before the seventeenth century, choosing one example from Asia and one from the Americas. Answer Examples of the different types of global exchanges which took place before the seventeenth century: → Textiles, spices and Chinese pottery were exchanged by China, India and Southeast Asia in return for gold and silver from Europe. → Gold and foods such as potatoes, soya, groundnuts, tomatoes and chillies were first exported from the Americas to Europe. 2. Explain how the global transfer of disease in the pre-modern world helped in the colonisation of the Americas. Answer The global transfer of disease in the pre-modern world helped in the colonisation of the Americas because the native American Indians were not immune to the diseases that the settlers and colonisers brought with them. The Europeans were more or less immune to small pox, but the native Americans, having been cut off from the rest of the world for millions of years, had no defence against it. These germs killed and wiped out whole communities, paving the way for foreign domination. Weapons and soldiers could be destroyed or captured, but diseases could not be fought against. 3. Write a note to explain the effects of the following: (a) The British government's decision to abolish the Corn Laws. (b) The coming of rinderpest to Africa. (c) The death of men of working-age in Europe because of the World War. (d) The Great Depression on the Indian economy. (e) The decision of MNCs to relocate production to Asian countries. Answer (a) The British government's decision to abolish the Corn Laws was the inflow of cheaper agricultural crops from America and Australia. Many English farmers left their profession and migrated to towns and cities. Some went overseas. This indirectly led to global agriculture and rapid urbanisation, a prerequisite of industrial growth. (b) The coming of rinderpest to Africa caused a loss of livelihood for countless Africans. Using this situation to their advantage, colonising nations conquered and subdued Africa by monopolising scarce cattle resources to force Africans into the labour market. (c) Most of the victims of world war belonged to young generations of working men. As a result, it reduced the workforce in Europe, thereby reducing household income. The role of women increased and led to demand for more equality of status. It made the feminist movement stronger. Women started working alongside men in every field. Women and youngsters became more independent and free with long-term effects. (d) The impact of the Great Depression in India was felt especially in the agricultural sector. It was evident that Indian economy was closely becoming integrated to global economy. India was a British colony and exported agricultural goods and imported manufactured goods. The fall in agricultural price led to reduction of farmers’ income and agricultural export. The government did not decrease their tax and so, many farmers and landlords became more indebted to moneylenders and corrupt officials. It led to a great rural unrest in India
Answers
Answer:
Textiles, spices and Chinese pottery were exchanged by China, India and Southeast Asia in return for gold and silver from Europe.
The whole community was killed and decimated by the disease
Explanation:
Examples of the different types of global exchanges which took place before the seventeenth century: Textiles, spices and Chinese pottery were exchanged by China, India and Southeast Asia in return for gold and silver from Europe.
Once the gems were introduced to the Americas, it spread rapidly far, wide, and deep into the continent, even before the Europeans could physically reach those locations. The whole community was killed and decimated by the disease, thereby paving the way for conquest of the Americas by the Europeans.
a) The abolition of the corn law made the Britishers very easy to import corn into Britain very easily and in a very cheap rate. This is the reason why the farmers did not grow crop and the land remained uncultivated.
b) The coming of rinderpest to Africa caused a loss of livelihood to countless Africans. The Asian Cattles spread cattle plague known as Rinderpest, when taken to Africa by the European Colonizers. The disease was spread in the cattles and they were killed in thousands. There are was huge unemployment to the workers who worked for cattles.
c)The first world war made many men maimed or dead.This deaths and injuries made the number of people in the family less.
d) The Great Depression started affecting the Indian Trade immediately . In 20th Century India became the exporter of agricultural goods and importer of manufactured goods. As the international prices increased the prices in India also increased.
e) Wages in Asian Countries are low because of supply of workers and low standard of living. This is why the MNCs relocate production to Asian Countries.