1. How did Babur secure his position in India?
2. Discuss the military campaigns of Shah Jahan
3. Discuss the central and provincial administration of
4. why did raja Todar Mal introduce a new measuring device for land measurement ?
what was that measuring device?
Answers
Answer:
1] He Secured his position by:
>Firstly he brought Punjab under his control.
>He marched Delhi and defeated Ibrahim Lodi in 1526 in the first battle of Panipat and laid the foundation of Mughal Empire.
>He had to face 2 other enemies: Rana Sanga of Mewar and Midini Rai of Malwa, both were defeated.
2]Following were the successful military campaigns of Shah Jahan:
>The first thing that Shah Jahan had to face was battle in Bundelkhand and the Deccan.
>He extended his empire by annexing Ahmadnagar in Gujarat.
>He also forced rulers of Bijapur and Golconda to the suzerainty of Mughals.
3]Central administration: The king was the head of both civil and military administration he was assisted by many officials:
>The Wazir was the Prime Minister.
>The Diwan was the head of the revenue department.
>The Mir Bakshi looked after the military.
>The Khan-i-saman attended to the needs of the Royal household.
>The Sadr-i sadur Kept a record of grants and donations made by the being.
>The Qazi was the chief judge provincial administration.
4]Raja Jodar Mal Akbar’s revenue minister, introduced a land revenue system which came to be know as Jodar mal’s bandobast. Under the new system, land was properly measured. In the past, it used to be measured with a rope. However, the rope shrunk when it was wet. Hence, the measurements used to change. Todar Mal introduced a new measuring device. It was a rod made of bamboo reeds joined together by iron rings. Now land could be measured very accurately.