1.How does social diversity strengthen democracy?; 2.How do a social differences affect politics?; 3.What r d 3 determinants(factors) deciding d outcome of politics of social divisions?
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Answer 1 :
a. Social divisions/diversity reflects the diversity in society on the basis of caste, religion , region , language etc and get expressed in politics in various forms.
b. It is the characteristic feature of any society and gets reflected in politics .
c. Political expression of such a diversity has allowed marginal and disadvantaged groups to ventilate their grievances with the support of political parties and have compelled government to be responsive to their needs. It has also ensured adequate representation to such diverse groups and due accommodation of their interests.
d. Political expression of social divisions has often helped these marginalised groups who have been discriminated to fight against injustice prevailing in the society to voice their dissent in a peaceful constitutional manner.
e. It expands the very idea of Democracy with adequate arrangements of power sharing with these marginal social groups.
Answer 2 :
“Social divisions” affect politics in both negative ways and positive ways.
Negative Impact
If we observe social division and politics together at first sight;
(i)It would appear that the combination of politics social divisions is very dangerous and explosive.
(ii) Democracy involves competition among various political units/parties. Their competition tends to divide the society.
Positive Impact
(i) At the same time every expression of social divisions in politics does not lead to such disasters because wherever social divisions exist, they are reflected in politics.
(ii) In democracy it is only natural that political parties
=> would talk about these divisions.
=>make different promises to different communities.
=> look after due representation of various communities.
=> make policies to redress the grievances of the disadvantaged communities.
(iii) Social divisions also affect voting in most countries. People from one community tend to prefer some party more than others.
In case political parties start competing in terms of some prevalent social differences it can further lead to social conflict and disintegration of society.
Answer 3 :
There are three factors that seem to be crucial to the outcome of politics of social divisions.
(i) Role of Identity: First of all, the outcome depends on how people perceive their identities. If people see their identities in singular and exclusive terms, it becomes very difficult to accommodate. As long as people in Northern Ireland saw themselves as only Catholic or Protestant, their differences were difficult to reconcile.
This is how most people in our country see their identity; they think of themselves as Indians as well as belonging to a state or a language group or a social or religious community.
(ii) Role of Community and Culture : The outcome depends on how political leaders raise the demands of any community. It is easier to accommodate demands that are within the constitutional framework and are not at the cost of another community.
Like for instance, the demand for “only Sinhala” was at the cost of the interest and identity of Tamil Community in Sri Lanka.
(iii) The Role of Political Party and Government : In another way political outcome of social divisions depends on how the government reacts to demands of different groups. This is very much observed in Belgium and Sri Lanka. If the rulers are willing to share power and accommodate the reasonable demands of minority community, social divisions become less threatening for the country.
• But if they try to suppress such a demand in the name of national unity, the end result is often quite the opposite. Such attempts at forced integration often sow the seeds of disintegration.
• Thus the assertion of social diversities in a country need not be seen as a source of danger. In a democracy, the political expression of social divisions is very normal and can be healthy.
a. Social divisions/diversity reflects the diversity in society on the basis of caste, religion , region , language etc and get expressed in politics in various forms.
b. It is the characteristic feature of any society and gets reflected in politics .
c. Political expression of such a diversity has allowed marginal and disadvantaged groups to ventilate their grievances with the support of political parties and have compelled government to be responsive to their needs. It has also ensured adequate representation to such diverse groups and due accommodation of their interests.
d. Political expression of social divisions has often helped these marginalised groups who have been discriminated to fight against injustice prevailing in the society to voice their dissent in a peaceful constitutional manner.
e. It expands the very idea of Democracy with adequate arrangements of power sharing with these marginal social groups.
Answer 2 :
“Social divisions” affect politics in both negative ways and positive ways.
Negative Impact
If we observe social division and politics together at first sight;
(i)It would appear that the combination of politics social divisions is very dangerous and explosive.
(ii) Democracy involves competition among various political units/parties. Their competition tends to divide the society.
Positive Impact
(i) At the same time every expression of social divisions in politics does not lead to such disasters because wherever social divisions exist, they are reflected in politics.
(ii) In democracy it is only natural that political parties
=> would talk about these divisions.
=>make different promises to different communities.
=> look after due representation of various communities.
=> make policies to redress the grievances of the disadvantaged communities.
(iii) Social divisions also affect voting in most countries. People from one community tend to prefer some party more than others.
In case political parties start competing in terms of some prevalent social differences it can further lead to social conflict and disintegration of society.
Answer 3 :
There are three factors that seem to be crucial to the outcome of politics of social divisions.
(i) Role of Identity: First of all, the outcome depends on how people perceive their identities. If people see their identities in singular and exclusive terms, it becomes very difficult to accommodate. As long as people in Northern Ireland saw themselves as only Catholic or Protestant, their differences were difficult to reconcile.
This is how most people in our country see their identity; they think of themselves as Indians as well as belonging to a state or a language group or a social or religious community.
(ii) Role of Community and Culture : The outcome depends on how political leaders raise the demands of any community. It is easier to accommodate demands that are within the constitutional framework and are not at the cost of another community.
Like for instance, the demand for “only Sinhala” was at the cost of the interest and identity of Tamil Community in Sri Lanka.
(iii) The Role of Political Party and Government : In another way political outcome of social divisions depends on how the government reacts to demands of different groups. This is very much observed in Belgium and Sri Lanka. If the rulers are willing to share power and accommodate the reasonable demands of minority community, social divisions become less threatening for the country.
• But if they try to suppress such a demand in the name of national unity, the end result is often quite the opposite. Such attempts at forced integration often sow the seeds of disintegration.
• Thus the assertion of social diversities in a country need not be seen as a source of danger. In a democracy, the political expression of social divisions is very normal and can be healthy.
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democracy can be strengthened by role of Identity role of community and culture role of political party
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