1.How is Magnesium Chloride formed by the transfer of electrons? Why does the solution of Magnesium chloride conduct electricity?
2. What happens when aqueous solutions of Sodium sulphate and Barium chloride are mixed? Give a balanced equation for the reaction with state symbols. Name and define the type of chemical reaction involved in the above change.
3. Identify the compound of calcium which is used for plastering of fractured bones. With the help of chemical equation show how is it prepared and what special precautions should be taken during the preparation of this compound.
4.'Sweet tooth may lead to tooth decay. Explain why? What is the role of tooth paste in preventing cavities?
5.The electronic configuration of an element X' is 2,8,6. To which group and period of the modern periodic table does X' belong .State it valency and justify your answer in each case.
6. a) How will you show experimentally that metals are good conductors of heat.
b) Describe the xtraction of Mercury metal from its ore Cinnabar (HgS).
7.A compound A (C2H402) reacts with Na metal to form a compound 'B' and evolves a gas which burns with a pop sound. Compound "A on treatment with an alcohol 'C' in presence
of an acid forms a Sweet smelling compound "D' (CAH802). 0n addition of NaOH to D' gives back B and C. Identify A, B, C and D write the reactions involved.
8.When few drops of phenolphthalein are added to a dilute solution of sodium hydroxide a pink colour is produced. What will be the colour of the final mixture when excess of
added to it? (justify your answer)
9. The electronic configuration of an element X' is 2,8,6. To which group and period of the modern periodic table does X' belong .State it valency and justify your answer in each case.
10.a)Explain why carbon forms covalent bond? Give two reasons for carbon forming a large number of compounds.
b) Explain the formation of ammonia molecule.
Please Answer all the Question in Short as suitable.
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Ionic Bonds
Ionic bonds are formed because of transfer of electrons from metal to non-metal. In this course, metals get positive charge because of transfer of electrons and non-metal gets negative charge because of acceptance of electrons. In other words bond formed between positive and negative ion is called ionic bond.
Since, a compound is electrically neutral, so to form an ionic compound negative and positive both ions must be combined. Some examples are given below.
Formation of sodium chloride (NaCl):
In sodium chloride; sodium is a metal (alkali metal) and chlorine is non-metal.
Atomic number of sodium = 11
Electronic configuration of sodium: 2, 8, 1
Number of electrons in outermost orbit = 1
Valence electrons = Electrons in outermost orbit = 1
Atomic number of chlorine = 17
Electronic configuration of chlorine: 2, 8, 7
Electrons in outermost orbit = 7
Therefore, valence electrons = 7
Sodium has one valence electron and chlorine has seven valence electrons. Sodium requires losing one electron to obtain stable configuration and chlorine requires gaining one electron in order to obtain stable electronic configuration. Thus, in order to obtain stable configuration sodium transfers one electron to chlorine.
After loss of one electron sodium gets one positive charge (+) and chlorine gets one negative charge after gain of one electron. Sodium chloride is formed because of transfer of electrons. Thus, ionic bond is formed between sodium and chlorine. Since, sodium chloride is formed because of ionic bond, thus it is called ionic compound. In similar way; potassium chloride (KCl) is formed.
Formation of Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2):
The atomic number of magnesium is 12
Electronic configuration of magnesium: 2, 8, 2
Number of electrons in outermost orbit = 2
Valence electron = 2
Atomic number of chlorine = 17
Electronic configuration of chlorine: 2, 8, 7
Electrons in outermost orbit = 7
Therefore, valence electrons = 7
Magnesium loses two electrons in order to obtain stable electronic configuration. Each of the two chlorine atoms gains one electron lost by magnesium to obtain stable electronic configuration. The bonds so formed between magnesium and chlorine are ionic bonds and compound (magnesium chloride) is an ionic compound.
Ionic bonds are formed because of transfer of electrons from metal to non-metal. In this course, metals get positive charge because of transfer of electrons and non-metal gets negative charge because of acceptance of electrons. In other words bond formed between positive and negative ion is called ionic bond.
Since, a compound is electrically neutral, so to form an ionic compound negative and positive both ions must be combined. Some examples are given below.
Formation of sodium chloride (NaCl):
In sodium chloride; sodium is a metal (alkali metal) and chlorine is non-metal.
Atomic number of sodium = 11
Electronic configuration of sodium: 2, 8, 1
Number of electrons in outermost orbit = 1
Valence electrons = Electrons in outermost orbit = 1
Atomic number of chlorine = 17
Electronic configuration of chlorine: 2, 8, 7
Electrons in outermost orbit = 7
Therefore, valence electrons = 7
Sodium has one valence electron and chlorine has seven valence electrons. Sodium requires losing one electron to obtain stable configuration and chlorine requires gaining one electron in order to obtain stable electronic configuration. Thus, in order to obtain stable configuration sodium transfers one electron to chlorine.
After loss of one electron sodium gets one positive charge (+) and chlorine gets one negative charge after gain of one electron. Sodium chloride is formed because of transfer of electrons. Thus, ionic bond is formed between sodium and chlorine. Since, sodium chloride is formed because of ionic bond, thus it is called ionic compound. In similar way; potassium chloride (KCl) is formed.
Formation of Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2):
The atomic number of magnesium is 12
Electronic configuration of magnesium: 2, 8, 2
Number of electrons in outermost orbit = 2
Valence electron = 2
Atomic number of chlorine = 17
Electronic configuration of chlorine: 2, 8, 7
Electrons in outermost orbit = 7
Therefore, valence electrons = 7
Magnesium loses two electrons in order to obtain stable electronic configuration. Each of the two chlorine atoms gains one electron lost by magnesium to obtain stable electronic configuration. The bonds so formed between magnesium and chlorine are ionic bonds and compound (magnesium chloride) is an ionic compound.
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