Question

1) How was the process of Germanunification completed and who was proclaimed the ruler?
(a) After many wars, Kaiser William became the ruler
(b) After 3 wars fought over 7 years with Austria, Denmark and France, Kaiser William I became the ruler
of a unified Germany.
(c) The Germans defeated the Habsburg Empire and made Kaiser William I the ruler
(d) Otto von Bismarck became the ruler after defeating France 2) Garibaldi contributed to the Italian unification by :
(a) Declaring Victor Emmanuel as the king of united Italy in 1860
(b) Conquering Papal states in 1860.
(c) Conquering two Sicilies and South Italy in 1860.
(d) Both (a) and (c)​

Answer 1

Answer:

The Unification of Germany into a German Empire with tight political and administrative integration, replacing the decentralized German Confederation and Holy Roman Empire, was officially proclaimed on 18 January 1871, in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles in France. Princes of the German states, excluding Austria-Hungary and its House of Habsburg-Lorraine (the dynasty that formerly ruled over the German princes during the German Confederation and Holy Roman Empire), gathered there to proclaim William I of Prussia and the House of Hohenzollern as German Emperor, following the French capitulation in the Franco-Prussian War.

A confederated realm of German princedoms had been in existence for over a thousand years, dating to the Treaty of Verdun in 843. However, there was no German national identity in development as late as 1800, mainly due to the autonomous nature of the princely states; most inhabitants of Holy Roman Empire territories, outside of those ruled by the emperor directly, identified themselves mainly with their prince, and not with the emperor or the German realm as a whole. In the mountainous terrain of much of the territory, isolated peoples developed cultural, educational, linguistic, and religious differences over such a lengthy time period. This internal division became known as the "practice of kleinstaaterei", or the "practice of small-statery". By the nineteenth century, transportation and communications improvements brought these regions closer together.

Explanation: