1. Identify the name of the country in the context of following statem
and France) (AS)
• revolution where parliament system was established.
country where king continues to play some role even after revolu
• country that had to war against another in order to establish its democracy.
The Bill of rights was adopted.
Overthrow of the monarchy was led by the peasants.
The Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen was adopted.
Answers
Answer:
In statistical mechanics, entropy is an extensive property of a thermodynamic system. It is closely related to the number Ω of microscopic configurations (known as microstates) that are consistent with the macroscopic quantities that characterize the system (such as its volume, pressure and temperature). Entropy expresses the number Ω of different configurations that a system defined by macroscopic variables could assume.[1] Under the assumption that each microstate is equally probable, the entropy {\displaystyle S} S is the natural logarithm of the number of microstates, multiplied by the Boltzmann constant kB. Formally (assuming equiprobable microstates),
Entropy
Common symbols
S
SI unit
joules per kelvin (J⋅K−1)
In SI base units
kg⋅m2⋅s−2⋅K−1
{\displaystyle S=k_{\mathrm {B} }\ln \Omega .} {\displaystyle S=k_{\mathrm {B} }\ln \Omega .}
Macroscopic systems typically have a very large number Ω of possible microscopic configurations. For example, the entropy of an ideal gas is proportional to the number of gas molecules N. The number of molecules in twenty liters of gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure is roughly N ≈ 6×1023 (the Avogadro number).
The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of an isolated system never decreases over time. Isolated systems spontaneously evolve towards thermodynamic equilibrium, the state with maximum entropy. Non-isolated systems, like organisms, may lose entropy, provided their environment's entropy increases by at least that amount so that the total entropy increases. Therefore, total entropy in the Universe does increase. Entropy is a function of the state of the system, so the change in entropy of a system is determined by its initial and final states. In the idealization that a process is reversible, the entropy does not change, while irreversible processes always increase the total entropy.
Because it is determined by the number of random microstates, entropy is related to the amount of additional information needed to specify the exact physical state of a system, given its macroscopic specification. For this reason, it is often said that entropy is an expression of the disorder, or randomness of a system, or of the lack of information about it.[2] The concept of entropy plays a central role in information theory.
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