1.Identify this group of islands noted for a bird sanctuary in the Pitti Island.
2.What types of architectural designs witnessed in the different parts of India suggest the
importance of land routes ? (Mention two points only).
3.Give three effects on the global weather that occur due to the appearance of the El Niño current
along the coast of Peru as a temporary replacement of the cold Peruvian current.
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Answers
Answer:
A1 In the Lakshadweep archipelago, off the west coast of India, is a tiny island called Pakshi Pitti. Named after its pakshi (Hindi for 'bird') residents, the island hosts no humans; instead, it is an important nesting place for seabirds. It is a bird sanctuary protected under the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
A2 Indian maritime history begins during the 3rd millennium BCE when inhabitants of the Indus Valley initiated maritime trading contact with Mesopotamia.[1] The Roman historian Strabo mentions an increase in Roman trade with India following the Roman annexation of Egypt.[2]
A3 El Nino is a name given to the periodic development of a warm ocean current along the coast of Peru as a temporary replacement of the cold Peruvian current. Sea surface temperatures play a major role in global weather which influences two extreme phases of a naturally occurring climate cycle. I.e. El Niño/Southern Oscillation and La Nina. Both terms refer to large-scale changes in sea-surface temperature across the eastern tropical Pacific.The Peruvian Current affects Peru year round, and moderates the climate of Chile in spring and summer, when it displaces a subtropical center of high pressure. Ordinarily the coast of Chile would warm in spring and summer, but the onset of the Peruvian Current diminishes temperatures and forestalls any rain .
Explanation:
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Answer:
1. In the Lakshadweep archipelago, off the west coast of India, is a tiny island called Pakshi Pitti. Named after its pakshi (Hindi for 'bird') residents, the island hosts no humans; instead, it is an important nesting place for seabirds. It is a bird sanctuary protected under the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
2a.)Temple Architecture
i.Temple architecture has deep roots in India. It has developed in almost all the regions in the country. Although the origins of the style are the same, we can see a substantial differentiation and variety of architectural styles in temple construction. This variety is mainly caused due to the geographical, climatic, racial, ethnic, linguistic, and historical diversities in India.
ii.Primarily, the Indian temple architecture has been classified into three broad types, namely; Nagara or the northern style, Vesara or mixed style, and the Dravida which is the southern style. All these styles carry their unique regional influences and lineages.
b) Mughal Architecture
i.The Mughal architectural style has emerged out of a unique blend of Islamic, Persian and Indian architectural styles. This style found its roots from the 16th century and continued to have a prominence till the beginning of 18th century.
ii.During this era, India was ruled by the Mughal emperors and thanks to this architectural style; today the country has some of the most beautiful structures like the Humayun’s Tomb, Akbar’s Tomb, Fatehpur Sikri, Red Fort at Delhi, Jami Masjid Delhi and the Taj Mahal at Agra.
c)Indo-Saracenic Revival Architecture
i.Indo Saracenic Revival architectural style is a beautiful fusion of Indian architecture and Indo-Islamic architecture. It is also famous as the Indo-Gothic, Mughal-Gothic, Hindu-Gothic, and Neo-Mughal architectural style. ii.This style of architecture inherits exotic elements of the Indian architecture and the Islamic architecture and blends it with the neo-classical and Gothic revival styles from the British Victorian era.
d) Dravidian Architecture
i.The Dravidian architectural style emerged in the southern region of the Indian subcontinent thousands of years ago. The structures built by the native Dravidian people, which were primarily called as Kovils are epic instances of Dravidian architecture.
ii.These Kovils are dependent on complex carved stone. Such materials are the key to create step kind of designs which contain many statues of kings, deities, dancers, and warriors.
e)Kalinga Architecture
i . The Kalinga architecture flourished in the ancient region of Kalinga. This architectural style can still be seen in the eastern Indian state of Odisha and the northern parts of Andhra Pradesh.
ii .Most prominently, the Kalinga architectural style consists of three different types of temples, i.e., Rekha Deula, Khakhara Deula, and Pidha Deula. The diverse characteristics of the famous Kalinga architecture are; architectural stipulations, historical connotations, and iconography, which honours the custom, traditions, and legends which are associated with the structures.
3i.El Niño and La Niña result from interaction between the surface of the ocean and the atmosphere in the tropical Pacific. In turn, changes in the atmosphere impact the ocean temperatures and currents. The system oscillates between warm (El Niño) to neutral or cold (La Niña) conditions on average every 3-4 years.
ii.The Peruvian Current affects Peru year round, and moderates the climate of Chile in spring and summer, when it displaces a subtropical center of high pressure. Ordinarily the coast of Chile would warm in spring and summer, but the onset of the Peruvian Current diminishes temperatures and forestalls any rain.
iii.During an El Niño event, the surface waters in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean become significantly warmer than usual.It also reduces the upwelling of cooler, nutrient-rich waters from the deep—shutting down or reversing ocean currents along the equator and along the west coast of South and Central America.