(1)Kanchan takes milk which is undoubtly a ‘superstar’ when it comes to healthy and strong bones. It is best source of calcium
required for proper growth of bones. Yoghurt can be preferred choice for those who do not like to drink milk. Cheese is also a
great source of calcium. Low fat or fat free milk is better choice because it has calcium with little or no fat and is easy for body
to absorb calcium. Magnesium, phosphorus and potassium are also present in milk.
(a) Name the types of vitamins that are present in milk.
(b) Which vitamin is essential for absorption of calcium present in milk?
(c) What values are shown by Kanchan taking milk or milk products every day
Answers
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n almost all mammals, milk is fed to infants through breastfeeding, either directly or by expressing the milk to be stored and consumed later. The early milk from mammals is called colostrum. Colostrum contains antibodies that provide protection to the newborn baby as well as nutrients and growth factors.[26] The makeup of the colostrum and the period of secretion varies from species to species.[27]
For humans, the World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for six months and breastfeeding in addition to other food for up to two years of age or more.[28] In some cultures it is common to breastfeed children for three to five years, and the period may be longer.[29]
Fresh goats' milk is sometimes substituted for breast milk, which introduces the risk of the child developing electrolyte imbalances, metabolic acidosis, megaloblastic anemia, and a host of allergic reactions.[30]
Food product for humans
The Holstein Friesian cattle is the dominant breed in industrialized dairy farms today
A bowl of milk for the shaman rite. Buryatia. Russia
In many cultures, especially in the West, humans continue to consume milk beyond infancy, using the milk of other mammals (especially cattle, goats and sheep) as a food product. Initially, the ability to digest milk was limited to children as adults did not produce lactase, an enzyme necessary for digesting the lactose in milk. People therefore converted milk to curd, cheese and other products to reduce the levels of lactose. Thousands of years ago, a chance mutation spread in human populations in Europe that enabled the production of lactase in adulthood. This mutation allowed milk to be used as a new source of nutrition which could sustain populations when other food sources failed.[31] Milk is processed into a variety of products such as cream, butter, yogurt, kefir, ice cream, and cheese. Modern industrial processes use milk to produce casein, whey protein, lactose, condensed milk, powdered milk, and many other food-additives and industrial products.
Whole milk, butter and cream have high levels of saturated fat.[32][33] The sugar lactose is found only in milk, forsythia flowers, and a few tropical shrubs. The enzyme needed to digest lactose, lactase, reaches its highest levels in the human small intestine after birth and then begins a slow decline unless milk is consumed regularly.[34] Those groups who do continue to tolerate milk, however, often have exercised great creativity in using the milk of domesticated ungulates, not only of cattle, but also sheep, goats, yaks, water buffalo, horses, reindeer and camels. India is the largest producer and consumer of cattle and buffalo milk in the world.[35]
Per capita consumption of milk and milk products in selected countries in 2011[36]
Country Milk (liters) Cheese (kg) Butter (kg)
Ireland 135.6 6.7 2.4
Finland 127.0 22.5 4.1
United Kingdom 105.9 10.9 3.0
Australia 105.3 11.7 4.0
Sweden 90.1 19.1 1.7
Canada 78.4 12.3 2.5
United States 75.8 15.1 2.8
Europe 62.8 17.1 3.6
Brazil 55.7 3.6 0.4
France 55.5 26.3 7.5
Italy 54.2 21.8 2.3
Germany 51.8 22.9 5.9
Greece 49.1 23.4 0.7
Netherlands 47.5 19.4 3.3
India 39.5 - 3.5
China 9.1 - 0.1
History
Drinking milk in Germany in 1932
Humans first learned to consume the milk of other mammals regularly following the domestication of animals during the Neolithic Revolution or the development of agriculture. This development occurred independently in several global locations from as early as 9000–7000 BC in Mesopotamia[37] to 3500–3000 BC in the Americas.[38] People first domesticated the most important dairy animals – cattle, sheep and goats – in Southwest Asia, although domestic cattle had been independently derived from wild aurochs populations several times since.[39] Initially animals were kept for meat, and archaeologist Andrew Sherratt has suggested that dairying, along with the exploitation of domestic animals for hair and labor, began much later in a separate secondary products revolution in the fourth millennium BC.[40] Sherratt's model is not supported by recent findings, based on the analysis of lipid residue in prehistoric pottery, that shows that dairying was practiced in the early phases of agriculture in Southwest Asia, by at least the seventh millennium BC.[41][42]
From Southwest Asia domestic dairy animals spread to Europe (beginning around 7000 BC but did not reach Britain and Scandinavia until after 4000 BC),[43] and South Asia (7000–5500 BC).[44] The first farmers in central Europe[45] and Britain[46] milk