1. List down the key features of the Indian Constitution.
2. Explain the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution of India.
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Answers
Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
1) 1. federal
2. parliamentary form of govt.
3. separation of powers
4. fundamental rights
5. secularism
2)Right to Equality: All persons are equal before the law. This means that all persons shall be equally protected by the laws of the country. It also states that no citizen can be discriminated against on the basis of their religion, caste or sex. Every person has access to all public places including playgrounds, hotels, shops etc. The State cannot discriminate against anyone in matters of employment. But there are exceptions to this that you will read about later in this book. The practice of untouchability has also been abolished.
Right to Freedom: This includes the right to freedom of speech and expression, the right to form associations, the right to move freely and reside in any part of the country, and the right to practice any profession, occupation or business.
Right against Exploitation: The Constitution prohibits trafficking, forced labor, and children working under 14 years of age.
Right to Freedom of Religion: Religious freedom is provided to all citizens. Every person has the right to practice, profess and propagate the religion of their choice.
Cultural and Educational Rights: The Constitution states that all minorities, religious or linguistic, can set up their own educational institutions in order to preserve and develop their own culture.
Right to Constitutional Remedies: This allows citizens to move the court if they believe that any of their Fundamental Rights have been violated by the State.
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Explanation:
1) The key features of the Indian Constitution are :
1...Federalism :-
The word federal means the existence of more than one level of gov. In India, we have Union gov. at the center and state gov. in the states. Under Federalism, all the three level of the government exercise their powers and functions, according to the provisions of the Constitution.
2... Parliamentary Form of Government :-
In a Parliamentary Form of Government , a distinction is made between the head of the state and the head of the government. The president is the head of the state, the prime minister is the head of the government.Through the government is carried out in the name of the president at the center and the governor's in the states, actual administration is carried out by the prime minister and council of ministers at the center and the chief ministers in the states.
3... Separation of Powers :-
The three organs of the state are the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary.
The legislature has the power to make laws.
The Executive has the power to execute laws.
The judiciary has the power to judge and apply punishment when laws are broken.
4... Fundamental Rights :-
Fundamental Rights protect the people against arbitrary and absolute exercise of Powers by the states. these rights also protects the people against other individual.In addition, the Constitution has a section on Directive principles of state policy . They were aimed to serve as a guide to the Indian state, reduce social and economic disparities.
5... Secularism :-
India is a land where people belongs to different Faith's and religions. In India, politics and religion are separate. people enjoy freedom to follow, practice and profess their own religion.
6... Welfare state :-
A welfare state is a state which performs functions for the benefit of the people, like education, public health, agriculture, parks, libraries. As a welfare state, India is committed to the welfare and the development of the people, particularly the vulnerable section SC/ST.
7... A detailed written Constitution :-
The Constitution of India is the most detailed document. It is one of the best in the world, and is a living document. i.e :- something has real meanings in everybody's life.
It also contains provisions for amendment, i.e :- if any changes are needed, they can be made in the Constitution.
2)The fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution of India are :
1. Right to Equality -
Right to Equality ensures equal rights for all the citizens. The Right to Equality prohibits inequality on the basis of caste, religion, place of birth, race, or gender. It also ensures equality of opportunity in matters of public employment and prevents the State from discriminating against anyone in matters of employment on the grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, place of residence or any of them.
2. Right to Freedom-
Right to freedom provides us with various rights. These rights are freedom of speech, freedom of expression, freedom of assembly without arms, freedom of movement throughout the territory of our country, freedom of association, freedom to practice any profession, freedom to reside in any part of the country. However, these rights have their own restrictions.
3. Right against Exploitation-
Right against Exploitation condemns human trafficking, child labor, forced labor making it an offense punishable by law, and also prohibit any act of compelling a person to work without wages where he was legally entitled not to work or to receive remuneration for it. Unless it is for the public purpose, like community services or NGO work.
4. Right to Freedom of Religion-
Right to Freedom of Religion guarantees religious freedom and ensures secular states in India. The Constitutions says that the States should treat all religions equally and impartially and that no state has an official religion. It also guarantees all people the freedom of conscience and the right to preach, practice and propagate any religion of their choice.
5. Cultural and Educational Rights -
Cultural and Educational Rights protects the rights of cultural, religious and linguistic minorities by enabling them to conserve their heritage and protecting them against discrimination. Educational rights ensure education for everyone irrespective of their caste, gender, religion, etc.
6. Right to Constitutional Remedies -
Right to Constitutional Remedies ensures citizens to go to the supreme court of India to ask for enforcement or protection against violation of their fundamental rights. The Supreme Court has the jurisdiction to enforce the Fundamental Rights even against private bodies, and in case of any violation, award compensation as well to the affected individual.
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