1. List the problems faced by Humayun after his accession to the throne.
2. Who was Sher Shah? What happened to the newly born Mughal rule due to Sher Shah's rise
to power?
3. What steps did Akbar take in order to keep peaceful relations with the Rajputs?
4. What is Din-i-Ilahi' of Akbar?
5. How was the central administration carried out by the Mughal Empire?
6. Why is it said that the architecture that evolved during this period was a type of fusion?
Answers
Answer:
Nasir-ud-Din Muḥammad[1] (Persian: نصیرالدین محمد, romanized: Nasīr-ad-Dīn Muhammad; 6 March 1508 – 27 January 1556), better known by his regnal name, Humayun (Persian: همایون, romanized: Humāyūn), was the second emperor of the Mughal Empire, who ruled over territory in what is now Afghanistan, Pakistan, Northern India, and Bangladesh from 1530 to 1540 and again from 1555 to 1556. Like his father, Babur, he lost his kingdom early but regained it with the aid of the Safavid dynasty of Persia, with additional territory. At the time of his death in 1556, the Mughal Empire spanned almost one million square kilometres.
Nasir-ud-din Muhammad
Humayun
نصیرالدین محمد همایون
Badshah of the Mughal Empire
Humayun
Emperor Humayun.JPG
Imaginary 19th-century portrait
2nd Mughal Emperor
1st Reign
26 December 1530 – 17 May 1540
Coronation
29 December 1530, Agra
Predecessor
Babur
Successor
Sher Shah Suri (as Sur Emperor)
2nd Reign
22 February 1555 – 27 January 1556
Predecessor
Sikandar Shah Suri (as Sur Emperor)
Successor
Akbar
Born
Nasir-ud-Din Muḥammad[1]
6 March 1508
Kabul (present-day Afghanistan)
Died
27 January 1556 (aged 47)
Delhi, Mughal Empire (present-day India)
Burial
Humayun's Tomb, Delhi
Consort
Bega Begum
Wives
Several, including:
Hamida Banu Begum
Mah Chuchak Begum[2]
Khanish Aghacha
Gunwar Bibi[3]
Mewa Jan[4]
Chand Bibi
Shad Bibi
Issue
Al-aman Mirza
Akbar
Mirza Muhammad Hakim
Ibrahim Sultan Mirza
Farrukh-Fal Mirza
Aqiqa Sultan Begum
Bakshi Banu Begum
Jahan Sultan Begum
Bakht-un-Nissa Begum
Sakina Banu Begum
Amina Banu Begum
Names
Nasir-ud-Din Muḥammad Humayun[1]
House
Barlas Timurid
Father
Babur
Mother
Maham Begum
Religion
Sunni Islam (later Shia Islam)
In December 1530, Humayun succeeded his father to the throne of Delhi as ruler of the Mughal territories in the Indian subcontinent. Humayun was an inexperienced ruler when he came to power, at the age of 22. His half-brother Kamran Mirza inherited Kabul and Kandahar, the northernmost parts of their father's empire. Kamran was to become a bitter rival of Humayun.
Humayun lost Mughal territories to Sher Shah Suri, but regained them 15 years later with Safavid aid. Humayun's return from Persia was accompanied by a large retinue of Persian noblemen and signalled an important change in Mughal court culture. The Central Asian origins of the dynasty were largely overshadowed by the influences of Persian art, architecture, language, and literature. There are many stone carvings and thousands of Persian manuscripts in India dating from the time of Humayun.
Subsequently, Humayun further expanded the Empire in a very short time, leaving a substantial legacy for his son, Akbar.