(1)Long answer questions
(1) What are ocean currents? Describe the two types of currents giving suitable examples
Answers
Answer:
Ocean circulation derives its energy at the sea surface from two sources that define two circulation types:
(1) wind-driven circulation forced by wind stress on the sea surface, inducing a momentum exchange, and
(2) thermohaline circulation driven by the variations in water density imposed at the sea surface by exchange of ocean heat and water with the atmosphere, inducing a buoyancy exchange.
These two circulation types are not fully independent, since the sea-air buoyancy and momentum exchange are dependent on wind speed. The wind-driven circulation is the more vigorous of the two and is configured as gyres that dominate an ocean region.
The wind-driven circulation is strongest in the surface layer. The thermohaline circulation is more sluggish, with a typical speed of 1 cm (0.4 inch) per second, but this flow extends to the seafloor and forms circulation patterns that envelop the global ocean.
Explanation:
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