Question

1. Mention the advantages of selecting pea plant for experiment by Mendel. 2. Differentiate between the following - (a) Dominance and Recessive (b) Homozygous and Heterozygous (c) Monohybrid and Dihybrid. 3. A diploid organism is heterozygous for 4 loci, how many types of gametes can be produced?​

Answer 1

Answer:

1) Mendel selected pea plant for experiment.

They are hermaphrodites.

Easy to get pure breed.

Bisexual plant.

2) a) DOMINANCE

• Traits are usually expressed when both the alleles are dominant.
• Dominant allele is denoted by a capital letter.

RECESSIVE

• If some traits are absent or not expressed, but found in the parent, then the allele is said to be recessive.
• Recessive allele is denoted by a small letter.

b)

Homozygous

• It has two same copies of the same allele coding for a particular trait.
• Contains only one type of allele, either dominant or recessive.

Heterozygous

• It contains two different copies of alleles coding for a particular trait.
• Contains different alleles for a trait. Both dominant and recessive.

c)

Monohybrid

• Mono refers to single and hybrid means mixed breed.
• Monohybrid cross is used to study the inheritance of a single pair of alleles.

Dihybrid

• Di refers to two or double and hybrid means breed.
• Dihybrid cross is used to study the inheritance of 2 different alleles.

3)

• A diploid organism is heterozygous at a gene locus when its cells contain two different alleles (one wild-type allele and one mutant allele) of a gene.
• Types of gametes produced by organism= ${2}^{n}$

where, n= number of loci for which the organism is heterozygous.

The given diploid organism is heterozygous for 4 loci, types of gametes produced =  ${2}^{4}$= 16.

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Answer 2

1  The advantages of selecting Pea plant for the experiments by Mendel are:

Pea plants have a short life cycle.

They are easy to grow and need little care.

They show several pairs of visible characters with contrasting traits.

The Pea plants reproduce sexually, in nature, by self pollination.

2  According to the law of dominance, one allele in a gene pair will be dominant over the other allele and it is called the dominant allele. The other allele called the recessive allele will be recessive over the other allele.

3 The key difference between compound heterozygote and double heterozygote is that compound heterozygote is an individual who has two different mutated alleles at a particular gene locus while double heterozygote is an individual who is heterozygous at two separate genetic loci. ... Alleles are the variant forms of a gene.

4 Monohybrid Dihybrid

Cross

Monohybrid cross is used to study the inheritance of a single pair of alleles Dihybrid cross is used to study the inheritance of 2 different alleles

Used to study

the dominance of genes Offspring assortment

5 The given diploid organism is heterozygous for 4 loci, types of gametes produced = 24= 16.

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