1. Most of the diseases have many causes which facilitate their development in host.
Mention any two such causes or contributory factors of diseases.
2M
2. a. How does the immune system of our body function after the entry of microbes? 2M
b. What determines the severity of disease manifestation?
IM
Answers
Explanation:
ABSTRACT
Tuberculosis (TB), one of the oldest known human diseases. is still is one of the major causes of mortality, since two million people die each year from this malady. TB has many manifestations, affecting bone, the central nervous system, and many other organ systems, but it is primarily a pulmonary disease that is initiated by the deposition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, contained in aerosol droplets, onto lung alveolar surfaces. From this point, the progression of the disease can have several outcomes, determined largely by the response of the host immune system. The efficacy of this response is affected by intrinsic factors such as the genetics of the immune system as well as extrinsic factors, e.g., insults to the immune system and the nutritional and physiological state of the host. In addition, the pathogen may play a role in disease progression since some M. tuberculosis strains are reportedly more virulent than others, as defined by increased transmissibility as well as being associated with higher morbidity and mortality in infected individuals. Despite the widespread use of an attenuated live vaccine and several antibiotics, there is more TB than ever before, requiring new vaccines and drugs and more specific and rapid diagnostics. Researchers are utilizing information obtained from the complete sequence of the M. tuberculosis genome and from new genetic and physiological methods to identify targets in M. tuberculosis that will aid in the development of these sorely needed antitubercular agents.
Explanation:
GiveN:-
A father is 7 times as old as his son, two years ago the Father was 13 times as old as his son.
To FinD:-
The present age of son.
SolutioN:-
Let the present age of the son be x years.
Let the present age of the father be 7x years.
2 years ago their ages were:-
Son = (x - 2) years.
Father = (7x - 2) years.
It is said that two years ago the Father was 13 times as old as his son.
According to the question,
\large\implies{\sf{7x-2=13(x-2)}}⟹7x−2=13(x−2)
\large\implies{\sf{7x-2=13x-26}}⟹7x−2=13x−26
\large\implies{\sf{-2+26=13x-7x}}⟹−2+26=13x−7x
\large\implies{\sf{24=6x}}⟹24=6x
\large\implies{\sf{\dfrac{24}{6}=x}}⟹
6
24
=x
\large\implies{\sf{\dfrac{\cancel{24}}{\cancel{6}}=x}}⟹
6
24
=x
\large\implies{\sf{4=x}}⟹4=x
\large\therefore\boxed{\bf{x=4.}}∴
x=4.
Their present ages:-
Son's age = x = 4 years.
Father's age = 7x = 7 × 4 = 28 years.
The present age of the son is 4 years.