1. Name some of the tribes whose occupation was herding and rearing animals.
2. What was the attitude of the British towards the settled tribes and the tribes living in the forests
3. In which two places, a large number of tribals were recruited to work in the 19th century?
4. Who was Pa Togan Sangma?
5. Who was U. Kiang Nongbah? Why was he hanged publicly by the British?
Answers
Answer:
1. Many tribal groups such as the pastoralists lived by herding and rearing animals, moving around seasonally with their herds of cattle or sheep. The Van Gujjars of the Punjab hills and the Labadis of Andhra Pradesh were cattle herders, the Gaddis of Kulu were shepherds, and the Bakarwals of Kashmir reared goats.
2.the British were very harsh towards the settled tribes and the tribal living in the forests. the British when came to know about these societies existence then they made the tribal vacate the forests and the tribes were forced to do some other works for earning their livelihood
3.The Search for Work
Tea plantations and mining became important industries from the late nineteenth century. Tribals were recruited in large numbers to work in the tea plantations of Assam and in the coal mines of Jharkhand. They were paid very low wages.
4. Pa Togan Nengminja was a brave A·chik warrior who is considered to be the first Garo freedom fighter. He was born in the village of Samanda near Williamnagar, East Garo Hills, Meghalaya.
5.U Kiang Nangbah was a freedom fighter from Meghalaya who led an uprising against the British. He was hanged by the British publicly at Iawmusiang in Jowai town in West Jaintia Hills district on 30 December 1862. A postage stamp was issued by Government of India to commemorate him in 2001.
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1.Many tribal groups such as the pastoralists lived by herding and rearing animals, moving around seasonally with their herds of cattle or sheep. The Van Gujjars of the Punjab hills and the Labadis of Andhra Pradesh were cattle herders, the Gaddis of Kulu were shepherds, and the Bakarwals of Kashmir reared goats.
2. The British were very harsh towards the settled tribes and the tribal living in the forests. the British when came to know about these societies existence then they made the tribal vacate the forests and the tribes were forced to do some other works for earning their livelihood.
3. The Search for Work Tea plantations and mining became important industries from the late nineteenth century. Tribals were recruited in large numbers to work in the tea plantations of Assam and in the coal mines of Jharkhand. They were paid very low rages.
4. Pa Togan Sangma also known as Pa Togan Nengminja Sangma, is a Garo leader from Garo hills, Meghalaya in North East India.
Pa Togan Sangma was a brave A·chik warrior. He was born in the village of Samanda near Williamnagar, East Garo Hills, Meghalaya. Being a gigantic man, he has often been compared to the Philistine warrior 'Goliath'.
In the year 1872 some British soldiers entered into the Garo Hills and set up camp in a village named "Matcha Rongkrek" which is situated near Chiso Bibra(originally "Sisobibra"-dying junction, for he died here).
Pa Togan Sangma and other Garo warriors attacked the British soldiers while they were sleeping. His troops met the British troops at Rongrenggiri. Roused from sleep by the cries of their comrades, the remaining British soldiers retaliated.
It was a one sided affair as the Garo warriors were ill equipped. Needless to say, they suffered heavy losses and Pa Togan Sangma died on the spot, succumbing to a barrage of bullets.
Pa Togan Sangma fought and died for his own motherland and community. This brave warrior is remembered by the people of Garo Hills on the 12th of December every year. Till today, the Meghalaya Government celebrates 12th December as "Togan Nengminja's Day".
5. U Kiang Nangbah was a freedom fighter from Meghalaya who led an uprising against the British. He was hanged by the British publicly at Iawmusiang in Jowai town in West Jaintia Hills district on 30 December 1862. A postage stamp was issued by Government of India to commemorate him in 2001.
The British hanged him publicly at Iawmusiang in Galway town in the West Jaintia Hills district on 30 December 1862 to convey the message that if anyone who question the British authority then they would be treated like this. The Government of India in 2001 issued postage stamp to commemorate him.