1. Name the books written by the following
a) Rousseau
b) Charles Montesquieu
c) John Locke
2. Name the three 'Estates' into which the French society was divided before the revolution.
3. Which is the national anthem of France? Who wrote it? When was it sung for the first time?
4. When did France abolish the monarchy and became republic?
5. What were the caused for the empty treasure of France under Louis XVI?
6. State the events that led to the formation of the National Assembly.
7. Which period in French History is known as the Reign of Terror? Give reasons.
8. Explain the features of the constitution drafted in 1792. What changes were made in the constitution of 1792?
9. Explain triangular slave trade carried on during 18th and 19th century.
10. Who were given the right to vote under the new constitution of France adopted in 1791?
Answers
Answer:
1.
a) Social Contract
b)1.The spirit of laws - 17482.Persian letters - 17213.My thoughts
c)Two Treatises of Government
2.
the clergy (First Estate) and nobility (Second Estate)—which were privileged minorities—and the Third Estate
3.
La Marseillaise" is the national anthem of France. The song was written in 1792 by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle in Strasbourg after the declaration of war by France against Austria, and was originally titled "Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin"
4.
During the French Revolution, the proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy (French: Proclamation de l'abolition de la royauté) was a proclamation by the National Convention of France announcing that it had abolished the French monarchy on 21 September 1792.
5.
main causes for an empty treasury in France under King Louis XVI.
(i) Long years of war had drained the financial resources of France.
(ii) High cost of maintenance of immense palace of Versailles and court.
(iii) Under Louis XVI France helped the thirteen American colonies to gain independence.
6.
The national assembly was formed on June 20, 1789, by representatives of the third estate. To raise new taxes Louis XVI had convened the estate general on May 5 1789 at Versailles. There had been no such meeting since 1614. All the three Estates were represented.
7.
The period from 1793 to 1794 was referred to as the 'Reign of Terror' because of the following reasons: Maximilian Robespierre followed a policy of severe control and punishment. Any person who did not agree with his policies was guillotined.
8.
The main features of the Constitution of 1791 are given below:
(i) France became a Constitutional monarchy. The powers of the king were reduced to a great extent.
(ii) These powers instead of being concentrated in the hands of one person, were now separated and assigned to different institutionsthe legislature, executive and judiciary. This made France a constitutional monarchy.
(iii) The Constitution of 1791 vested the power to make laws in the National Assembly, which was indirectly elected i.e. citizens voted for a group of electors, who in turn chose the Assembly.
(iv) Only men above 25 years of age who paid taxes equal to at least 3 days of a labourer's wage were given the right to vote. It means they were active citizens. The remaining men and all women were classed as passive citizens.
(v) To qualify as an elector and then as a member of the assembly a man had to belong to the highest bracket of tax payers.
(vi) The constitution began with a Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. Rights such as the right to life, freedom of speech, freedom of opinion, equality before law could now be availed by each human being by birth.
9.
Triangular slave trade, also known as the transatlantic slave trade took place between the 16th century and early 19th century. European Colonial powers bought or captured Africans as the slave, which were then traded to the Caribbean and American territory to Grow cash crops for the colonial powers.
10.
active citizens
Only men above 25 years of age who paid taxes equal to at least 3 days of a labourer's wage were given the status of active citizens, that is, they were entitled to vote. The remaining men and all women were classed as passive citizens.